Essay on Platos Apology - 932 Words

Platos Apology At the elderly age of seventy, Socrates found himself fighting against an indictment of impiety. He was unsuccessful at trial in the year 399 B.C. The charges were corrupting the youth of Athens, not believing in the traditional gods in whom the city believed, and finally, that he believed in other new divinities. In Platos Apology, Socrates defends himself against these charges. He claims that the jurors opinions are biased because they had probably all seen Aristophanes comedy The Clouds. The Socrates portrayed in Aristophanes Clouds is an altogether different character than that of the Apology. The two different impressions of Socrates lead to quite opposite opinions with regard to his guilt. In The Clouds,†¦show more content†¦In response to his father questioning his actions he claims Yes by God; whats more, Ill prove its right to do so#8230;with unbeatable arguments. He has obviously been extremely corrupted if he could talk in this manner to his father. Not believing in the traditional gods, which is the second charge fits the Aristophanic Socrates perfectly. Socrates explicitly frowns upon the gods when he exclaims, what do you mean, the gods? In the first place, gods arent legal tender here (lines 247-248). Later, when explaining the elements to Strepsiades, Socrates exclaims Zeus you say? Dont kid me! Theres no Zeus at all (lines 368-369). He is undoubtedly saying that he does not believe in the traditional gods. The claim that Socrates believed in new divinities, the third charge, is clearly seen when he enter (s) into communion with the clouds, who are our deities (lines 253-254). Socrates proves methodically how it could not be Zeus who causes phenomena such as rain, thunder, and lightening, but rather is merely the work of the Clouds. For, if it were indeed the work of Zeus, then he would bring rain in absence of any clouds. The fact that the clouds are always present during precipitation attests to their power as opposed to that of Zeus. As the Clouds were not traditional gods, Socrates guilt on this charge is rather evident. Even as Socrates is presented as a blabbering fool, full of hubris, in the Clouds, an entirelyShow MoreRelated Platos Apology Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Apology Plato’s Apology is the story of the trial of Socrates, the charges brought against him and his maintaining of his own innocence throughout the process. At the onset of the trial, Socrates appears to challenging the charges, which included corrupting the youth, challenging belief in the gods that were accepted and reveled by the State, and introducing a new religious focus, but also belittles his own significance and suggesting that he will not attempt to disprove thatRead More Platos Apology Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesPlato’s Apology In the retelling of his trial by his associate, Plato, entitled â€Å"The Apology†; Socrates claims in his defense that he only wishes to do good for the polis. I believe that Socrates was innocent of the accusations that were made against him, but he possessed contempt for the court and displayed that in his conceitedness and these actions led to his death. In his defense, Socrates claims over and again that he is innocent and is not at all wise, â€Å"†¦for I know that I haveRead MorePlatos The Apology Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pageswas – such was the effect of them; and yet they have hardly spoken a word of truth.† – Plato â€Å"The Apology† In â€Å"The Apology,† Socrates represents himself in his own trial. He boldly questions the morality of the people of court. In this report, I will be analyzing portions of â€Å"The Apology† in order to reveal the intellectuality of this text within this time frame. I will only discuss bits of â€Å"The Apologyâ€Å" on account that it is a lengthy piece. However, before discussing the speech it is important toRead MoreEssay about Plato’s Apology933 Words   |  4 Pages Plato’s Apology Socrates was a very simple man who did not have many material possessions and spoke in a plain, conversational manner. Acknowledging his own ignorance, he engaged in conversations with people claiming to be experts, usually in ethical matters. By asking simple questions, Socrates gradually revealed that these people were in fact very confused and did not actually know anything about the matters about which they claimed to be an expert. Socrates felt that the quest for wisdom andRead MorePlatos The Allegory of the Cave as Means to Explain The Apology1672 Words   |  7 PagesEhrecke Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† As Means to Explain â€Å"The Apology† Authors sometimes use one work to explain or elaborate on the intricacies of another piece of theirs. Plato is one such example as he uses â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† as means to better decipher â€Å"The Apology of Socrates.† Plato himself never appears in either dialogue, but it is clear that he disagrees with how Socrates’s trial ended and hopes to prevent another unneeded execution in the future. In â€Å"The Apology of SocratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Apology On The Man Of Save The Day, But Not Himself1285 Words   |  6 PagesHimself An Analysis of Plato’s Apology Socrates, painted as a humble man who never had any of his own writings, and often speculated to be illiterate, is considered one of the major partisans of Western philosophy. Western philosophy is the philosophical thought of the western world. This idea proves to be quite accurate when considering Plato’s Apology, the apology of Socrates which is not really considered an apology but a defense. In the ancient Greek era, the word apology meant to defend one’sRead MorePlatos The Apology659 Words   |  3 Pages Platos The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial where he is charged for various reasons; not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates did not win over the jury pleading his case, and was therefore sentenced to execution. It can be said that Plato’s Apology of Sokrates, although an unsuccessful attempt at defending Socrates on the charges of corruption the youth of Athens, is a successful defenseRead MorePlatos The Apology792 Words   |  3 PagesPlato’s The Apology is the speech that Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, creating new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Even though the title of Socrates’ speech is The Apology, it is not an apology for his actions, but rather he attempts to defend himself and his conduct. The apology has made me reflect on whether a person should focus on i mproving himself or herself, or should they focus on improving other peopleRead MorePlatos Apology And Crito1036 Words   |  5 PagesIn Plato’s â€Å"Apology† and â€Å"Crito†, I believe Socrates’ philosophy of not doing harmful things on purpose, because of ignorance, or the act of doing it unwillingly, is false. First I will show you some contradictions introduced in the books of the Apology, and Crito and explain them. Next, I will explain how in the present day Socrates philosophy is false due to the vices of mankind, with evidence from the Apology, then I will show you how Socrates might argue his point and a counter argument in presentRead MorePlatos The Republic and The Apology1714 Words   |  7 Pages In Plato’s The Republic and The Apology, the topic of justice is examined from multiple angles in an attempt to discover what justice is, as well as why living a just life is desirable. Plato, writing through Socrates, identifies in The Republic what he thought justice was through the creation of an ideal city and an ideal soul. Both the ideal city and the ideal soul have three components which, when all are acting harmoniously, create what Socrates considers to be justice. Before he outlines this

Essay On City Planners - 1042 Words

Those moving from big cities to smaller cities like College Station could have trouble adjusting to the lifestyle and surrounding environment at first. Since College Station and Bryan cities are mainly the second home to thousands of college students, therefore, city planners did not focus much on the entertainment aspect for the people that live here. The main entertainment that college students would be able to enjoy around here is going to the cinema during the weekends. Unlike small, growing cities like College Station and Bryan, big cities like Austin, Dallas and Houston are often act as magnets that attract many businesses to come to the city. The reason that businesses show up to big cities was because they know for sure that their†¦show more content†¦After observing and collecting the demographic data using U.S. Census, we then compared the data to the city of Austin’s demographic data. By comparing the City of College Station and Bryan to the city of Austin, urban planners would be able to determine whether Dave and Buster’s would be successful if they open a new location here. The reason that Austin was used as the standard measurement was because there is a Dave and Buster’s in Austin that is successfully attract people from a variety range of age. First, we looked at the areas’ population. Based on the U.S. Census collected in 2010, the total population in the city of College Station is 93,857 people and the total population in the city of Bryan is 76,201 people. Compared to Austin, the combined population of both the City of College Station and the City of Bryan is approximately six times the Austin’s population. Based on this factor alone, we could say that the Dave and Buster’s does have the potential of being successful in the areas of College Station and Bryan. However, other factors should be taken in consideration before making any final decision. The second factor that we used is the age groups among the cities. Looking at different age groups in the community is critical because businesses are often provide services to only a certain amount of age groups. For example, it is not appropriate to have an amusement park in a community where theShow MoreRelatedTheory on Urban Planning1389 Words   |  6 PagesI Introduction Urban planning is the difficult and often frustrating business of trying to design cities that are livable and safe. When city neighborhoods decay, civic leaders often turn to urban planners with the hope that they can revitalize and reenergize the area. However, all too often it seems that in making their plans for renewal, urban designers fail to take into account the needs and desires of perhaps the most important people who will be involved in the process: the citizens. This paperRead MoreThe Kind Of Problem A City1571 Words   |  7 Pages The essay asks us to take an in depth comparison of two extracts: Jane Jacobs ‘The Kind of Problem a City’ and Schà ¶n ‘From Technical Rationality to Reflection in Action’. The essay asks to compare and contrast how each author perceive the natures of the problems that planners face. The focus is placed, by Jacobs, heavily on the failings of planners due to problems of a city being seen as problems of disorganised complexity, whereas cities should be seen as problems as of organised complexity. JacobsRead MoreU.s. Military Campaign Planning1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe 2003 invasion of Iraq, Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) provides an excellent case study to evaluate military campaign planning. OIF demonstrates the complexity of campaign planning, while providing relevant lessons for today’s planners and leaders. OIF was successful in achieving its initial tactical objective of c apturing Baghdad. However, due to a insufficient understating of the operational environment (OE) and a poorly defined problem, OIF’s initial operational approach failed to achieve strategicRead MoreFinancial Planning Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages|Topic: â€Å"Describe the essential element to be a successful financial planner in Hong Kong and China. Explain the challenges of | |practicing ethical financial planning in Hong Kong and China.† | The financial climate is changing constantly with the changing of numerous influential factors. Financial planning is one of the financial industries which gradually developed from a vague concept to a recognized specialty. HoweverRead MoreThe Approaches Of Various Architects And Urban Planners Towards The City1466 Words   |  6 PagesHumanity has always been dictated by its cities, these congregations of people seemingly organically creating the systems for how we live. However towards the end of the 19th century a new monolith started to plague skylines across the developed world, changing the shape of cities forever. Skyscrapers were indicative of a turning point in western civilisation, what was originally planned to be a great leveller of society, allowing for cheaper land prices in city areas, soon became a vestige of the richRead MoreMilitary Campaign Planning For An Inclusive Iraqi Government1243 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s planners and leaders. OIF was successful in achieving its tactical objective of capturing Baghdad. However, due to an insufficient understanding of the operational environment (OE) and a poorly defined problem, OIF’s initial operational approach failed to achieve strategic goals. Fortunately, through reassessment and reframing Secretary Gates and General Petraeus revised the operational approach, allowing the military to facilitate the transition to an inclusive Iraqi government. Planners andRead MoreDoes Black Architecture Exist?1653 Words   |  7 Pageswith others. I am doing a study on black architecture because many people believe that there is no such thing because no one hardly ever acknowledge them. I am including one reports/essays and two articles to show my research on the existence of African-American architects and their architecture. The report/essay â€Å"Hampton University Brings Color to Architecture† was written by Shannon Chance and published on the 8th of August in 2007. The article â€Å"Tuskegee University Robert R. Taylor School ofRead MoreKnowledge: Systematic Organization of Facts1393 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent points of view, that is being able not just to only blindly learn the information but also to make use of it. In this essay I will cover the concepts of knowledge in two areas of knowledge, history and natural sciences, focusing on the question of to what extent the nature of history and science areas of knowledge depend on systematic organisation of facts? The essay aims to analyse how each of the mentioned cases in the concepts of knowledge (knowledge as a systematic organisation of factsRead MoreAnalysis of Bernard Merchands Paris: History of a City1496 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Name Class Professor Bernard Marchand explains the sense of personal challenge that numerous individuals experienced when met with the booming metropolis of Paris. Each inhabitant  of the city, no matter the size, seeks to dominate, master it. This task can be no greater than the task of a historian who seeks to write of its history.The entire  history of Paris  spans over the course of two thousand years. It is  entwined  within the histories of France and Europe. Its story filled with countlessRead MoreThe Portland Development Commission Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesCommission to observe 35 blocks that they expect those city blocks to become a model of urban sustainability. To establish energy goals, city planners calculate how much oxygen would be released and carbon dioxide used in a forest area in the size of 35 city blocks. I like how it demonstrate the plan they are using and how it gets the citizens and government to work together. Although, this source is outdated but I would like to use it in my essay since it states that the neighborhood would cut down

Commerce and Competitive Business Models †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Commerce and Competitive Business Models. Answer: Introduction After the advent of the globalisation various changes has taken place in the organisational culture of different organisations. There are different kinds of international organisations these are the international corporations, global corporations, multinational corporations the transnational corporations. The organisational culture varies from one organisation to another. Before the globalisation organisations were only confined to the domestic work culture or work force. One of the important features of the globalisation is the transfer of cultures values from one country to another. With the inflow outflow of workforce from one country to another the culture is also getting transferred. Hence organisational cultures of different organisations are also changing (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). Every organisation has to bring changes in the organisational culture since organisations are recruiting employees from different countries. Culture differs from one country to another it is the responsibility of the organisation to incorporate such cultural factors in the organisation to retain employees. This is the role of the human resource management to take care of these factors. There are different barriers like cultural barriers institutional barriers, which act as impediment for different organisations. After globalisation different organisations are opening their office in different countries to operate the organisation in an efficient manner it is essential to provide emphasis on the international human resource management. Cultural barriers the Hofstedes Six Dimensional Cultural Model Large numbers of multinational companies (MNCs) are facing challenges in order to take care of the international human resource management. Most of the MNCs are emerging from developing countries. BRICS nations are the source of most of these MNCs. In case of China one of the most renowned MNC is the Alibaba it was founded by Mr Jack Ma. Alibaba is operating in different international market. This company has opened a new office in Melbourne, Australia. As a human resource management consultant of the Alibaba, it is the responsibility to take care of the international human resource management (Dowling, 2008). It is the role of the human resource management consultant to make the CEO the team of the international human resource management aware of the institutional cultural issues. This will facilitate the management of the organisation to improve the organisational culture operate the business in an efficient manner. Cultural issues make large impact on the multinational compani es. Since Alibaba has opened a office in Australia, the cultural differences between China Australia will affect the operational process of the organisation significantly. Hence this is imperative to identify those issues handle them effectively. There are similarities as well as differences in the culture of China Australia. If these cultural issues are not identified properly, conflict will take place among employees this will affect the growth of the business in a significant manner. The role of the human resource management is to handle various issues of employees. From the recruitment process of employees to training development programmes taking care of the safety security of employees are the responsibility of the human resource management (Schuler Jackson, 2008). Cultural differences of China Australia have been depicted below with the help of the Hofstedes Six Dimensions of culture model. Hofstedes Six Dimensional cultural model is very useful in describing cultural differences. These six dimensions are as follows: Power distance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation Indulgence vs. Restraint In case of the power distance dimension it deals with the inequality existing in the society. The power distance index differs from one country to other. In case of the power distance in a society power differential exists that is accepted by the society. Most important features of societies with large power distance are autocratic leadership, complex level of hierarchy, centralised nature of the authority paternalistic approach of management (Friedman, 2007). On the other hand features associated with the lower level of power distance index are flat organisational structure, participative management approach, less inequality less number of supervisory staff (Hodgetts et al., 2006). In this case the supervisors are considered to be equal to the employees of the organisation unlike the society with high level of power distance. In case of the second dimension such as the individualism vs collectivism the individualism defines strategies taken by the organisation, those are self centric in nature. On the other hand in case of collectivism organisation wants to work in group. Therefore in case of the individualism in case of an organisation the management provides emphasis on the self interest. These organisations are operated keeping in mind the profit motive unlike in case of the collectivism approach. In this approach everyone within the organisation gives importance on the privacy. People are interested in the self attainment of goal, fulfil of self interest etc. On the other hand in case of the collectivism, people like working together or in group (Johnson et al., 2006). People do not provide emphasis on the attainment of self goal but of the group. Another dimension is the Masculinity vs. Femininity. In case of the masculinity importance is provided on gender distinction. People run after money achievement of material success. One of the important features of masculinity is the presence of ego pride among people. Unlike masculinity in case of femininity modesty is one of the important feature people provide importance on quality of life. The fourth dimension deals with the way people can tackle anxiety in the society. Society with high uncertainty avoidance index people prefers to lead a life which is predictable in nature. They do not like taking unnecessary risk. Conservativeness rigidity in attitude are important features of the dimension (Ferraro Brody, 2015). On the other hand the society where the uncertainty index is low, people believe in innovation, adopting to the changes taking risk. The fifth dimension is the Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation. In case of the short term orientation people believe in the unequal relationships since it helps in maintaining stability in the society. People provide importance on working hard, enhancing their skills etc. In case of the long term orientation the different features include the futuristic approach, importance on persistence etc. The final dimension is the Indulgence vs. Restraint. Society with high indulgence provides importance of fulfilment of the basic human needs emphasise on enjoying life (Kshetri, 2008). Resistant on the other side is based on the principle of strict norms they do not give priority to the fulfilment of the human needs. On the basis of the above model the cultural differences between the China Australia can be defined. In case of cultural difference one of the differences is the food habit. Since Alibaba is one of the famous e-commerce organisation. It supplies variety of products to customers one of the items is food. The food habit of Chinese is different from that of Australians. In case of China the food varieties are of two types these are Yin Yang. Different moist soft dishes are part of the Yin foods this is a symbol of masculinity. On the other hand the spicy foods which are part of the Yang, symbolises the femininity. Tea is popular in case of both the countries. In case of China the staple food are the noodles the rice, whereas the staple food for Australian is the bread as well as the pasta. Dairy products are preferred by Australians but not by Chinese people. The etiquette is also varies from people of one country to another. In China making eye contact is not preferred by them s ince they believe that lowering eyes is a symbol of respect (Hofstede, 2011). Whereas in Australia the eye contact is a symbol of confidence they prefer it. Unlike in Australia, in China people do not like affectionate greetings. Hence the etiquette varies significantly between China Australia. In case of greetings the most preferable posture is bowing slightly but in Australia they prefer handshake. In China people give respect to seniors elderly people. In society as well as in organisations respect to elderly people plays an important role. On the other hand in Australia people do not give respect to elderly people in the society or seniors in the organisation. People give respect to those who are highly qualifies hence respect depends not on the age but on the qualification. In China facial expression also matter a lot in Chinese culture. Chenese people prefer collectivism instead of the individualism. They think that working together improves the productivity. In Australia people are self centric they believe in self reliance. Australians emphasise on the attainment of own goal. Another important cultural feature is the hierarchy. Hierarchy is present in the Chinese culture since long time. This is the main reason behind the high inequality in China. In case of Australia the social structure is flat. Cultural barrier is very minimal in China. Institutional differences Another important difference is the institutional difference. These institutional differences act as a barrier to the MNCs operating in other countries. Large institutional difference exists between China Australia. One of the important differences is the institutional structure. In China the bureaucratic system is prevalent. Bureaucracy acts as the red tapism in the organisation. It acts as the barrier to the organisational growth. On the other hand in Australia bureaucracy is not present in high level (Edwards Rees, 2006). This facilitates the organisational growth in the country. Bureaucracy elongates the decision making process. Therefore in Australia management can take decision smoothly. Another important institutional difference is the language. In China most of the people speak in Chinese language. They generally do not prefer in speaking in English. In Australia people speak in English. Hence, it also acts as the barrier in proper communication. Lack of proper communicatio n inhibits the business process. In China huge numbers of students are completing graduation every year, but their practical skill is very low. Hence, it is not possible for these students to contribute to the industry immediately after completing their graduation. This is creating a barrier for the company to make a proper salary structure. Low salary leads to the high level of turnover in the organisation on the other hand the high salary leads to reduction in the competitiveness of the company. Hence salary structure in China is flexible (Brewster et al., 2007). All these factors play an important role in determining the payment structure compensation for employees. In case of Australia, the payment system is different in comparison to that of China. In Australia employers have to take care of the health security of employees. To take care of these issues the organisation has to provide compensation to employees. The Australian government provides importance on the compensation of employees. Different legislations have been made by the government to provide compensation to employees. In Australia employers have to pay the superannuation to employees after their retirement. Hence operating an office in Australia by Alibaba, it is essential to take into consideration all these factors. To operate in Australia, the company has to follow all rules regulations of the country. If the organisation recruits employees from the host country, it has to provide all such facilities, those are provided by other Australian companies. It is the responsibility of the human resource management to take care of these issues. International human resource management team manages the recruitment policies of the company in other country (De Cieri Dowling, 2006). At the same time various training development programmes, health safety issues of employees are controlled by the human resource manager other group members. Analysing the possibility of transferring the Same Domestic Human Resource Practices in Australia This section is going to discuss the feasibility of Alibaba to transfer their domestic human resource management system practices in Australia where it is opening a new company. From the above discussion it can be said that there are different barriers which acts as a hindrance in managing the human resource policies in other countries. The cultural barrier is the main reason behind the problem in operating the company in other country. It is quite evident that there are large differences between the culture of the China that of Australia. Culture is defined as sharing of common values norms with in a particular society. Culture consists of different factors these vary from one country to another. Culture includes the food habits, dress, etiquette social structure of any particular society. In case of China which is a developing country differs significantly in terms of the culture in comparison to Australia. In China it still believes in the traditional culture in case of Aust ralia they mostly believe in the modern culture. Hence, to operate in the other country it is important to adopt the culture of that particular country (Stahl et al., 2012). If Alibaba recruits employees from Australia, it has to identify the cultural differences then those cultural gaps have to be fulfilled by the company. It is the responsibility of the human resource management to make others working in the organisation, aware of the cultural differences. Adequate training development programme is necessary to fulfil the gap. It is inevitable for the international human resource management team to help employees adapt to the situation. If employees of one country cannot match themselves with the culture of employees of the other country working in the organisation, it leads to the conflict. In any organisation conflict is not wanted since it may deteriorate the working condition. In any organisation when the human resource team recruits any employee, it is the responsibility of the team to provide him or her appropriate training in order to inculcate the organisational culture. Culture of different countries may differ it also acts as a hindrance for people to adjust in other working environment. But when it is an organisation, there must be a unique culture that must be maintained by the organisation to operate the business in a smooth manner (Sparrow et al., 2016). Even if an organisation operates with in the domestic territory only, it has to take this fact under consideration. Within any country also cultural differences exist the main reason behind this is the caste, race, religion etc. It is the responsibility of the organisation specially the human resource team to prohibit any kind of discrimination within the organisation. Cultural difference generally brings in discrimination at the work place. The most effective solution is to maintain a unique culture in any organisation that should make the organisation distinct from others (Ferraro Brody , 2015). If with the help of the proper training session employees can be acknowledged of the culture, it helps the organisation to run efficiently. In case of Alibaba since it has opened a new office in Australia, this strategy may work. When the organisation is operating in other country, it has to create an organisational culture considering the cultural differences. Beside the cultural differences another crucial difference is the institutional difference it also makes the situation complex. When Alibaba is operating in Australia it has to follow the payment system, compensation as well as other institutional features to make employees satisfied with the organisational environment. The Australian government has made different legislation regarding the work place safety, health of workers payment structure Alibaba has to follow all these legislations (Dowling, 2008). To operate in Australia it cannot follow the same Human resource policies, it has to be restructured considering different cultural institutional barriers. This will help the Alibaba to successfully operate the new office in Australia. Conclusion From the above study it can be said that international human resource management has to take into account different factors in order to make these policies effective suitable to the organisation. When an organisation is operating in other country, it has to face various cultural as well as institutional differences these acts as an inhibition in the business process. To overcome this problem the organisation has to frame human resource policies in such a manner that it will be able to safeguard the interest of every employee working in the organisation (Friedman, 2007). Hence it can be concluded that the role of the human resource management consultant is to identify all these factors set organisational culture accordingly. This culture has to be inculcated within every individual within the organisation. References Brewster, C., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G., Houldsworth, E. (2007).International human resource management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. De Cieri, H., Dowling, P. J. (2006). Strategic international human resource management in multinational enterprises: Developments and directions.Handbook of research in international human resource management, 15-35. Dowling, P. (2008).International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Rees, C. (2006).International human resource management: globalization, national systems and multinational companies. Pearson Education. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Friedman, B. A. (2007). Globalization implications for human resource management roles.Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal,19(3), 157-171. Harzing, A. W., Pinnington, A. (Eds.). (2010).International human resource management. Sage. Hodgetts, R. M., Luthans, F., Doh, J. P. (2006).International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. McGraw-Hill Companies. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context.Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context.Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model.Journal of International Business Studies,37(4), 525-543. Kshetri, N. (2008). Barriers to e-commerce and competitive business models in developing countries: A case study.Electronic commerce research and applications,6(4), 443-452. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,18(1), 10-20. Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E. (2008).Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons. Soares, A. M., Farhangmehr, M., Shoham, A. (2007). Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies.Journal of business research,60(3), 277-284. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I., Morris, S. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Putting On The Rye Essays - Literary Realism, The Catcher In The Rye

Putting On The Rye One of the many fascinating themes in the novel, ?The Catcher in the Rye,? brings us face to face with a jarring assault not unlike road rage on modern society and serves as a wake up call to each succeeding generation of its readers. J.D. Salinger, speaking through the protagonist Holden Caulfield, exposes the bogus standards and false values and the insensitive, sham relationships we face in our pretentious modern society. Alone, Holden stands tall against those counterfeit standards and the flagrant hypocrisy that surrounds us in the most casual and innocuous of life's endeavors?a simple conversation, and all from a quixotic yet desultory view of society. It is almost ironic that we learn this from the first person point of view. Salinger popularized the interior monologue in this novel. This approach helps us to understand Holden, observing a society he cannot accept, forever the outsider desperately clinging to the garish, ostentatious red hunting cap that is emblematic of a chi ldish security blanket or a badge of honor. What is a phony? Webster's Collegiate defines it as someone or something that is fraudulent or spurious. When Holden uses the word ?corny,? he means fake or artificial, as in a false character or appearance. Holden sincerely believes that society in general claims an appearance of importance not justified by the thing's value or the person's standing. Holden seems obsessed with the concept since he uses it on pages 52, 77, 84, 86, 100, 142, 151, 172, and 205. In Chapter One, Holden describes Pencey's ad campaign as ?strictly for the birds.? He tells Spencer that he was ?surrounded by phonies? in an earlier prep school. Even the headmaster discriminated against ?funny-looking parents? on visiting day. Holden labels teachers and administrators phonies because they are less than perfect. He even dismisses his brother, D. B. as a phony for selling out to ?Hollywood?. He criticizes the disciples for being human, yet he is the atheist. In Chapter Three, Holden continues his view of phonine ss in the business world when he talks about the dorm named for Ossenburger. Most of the novelthen focuses on earnest but futile attempts by Holden for a close encounter of the third kind or to reach out and touch someone. One wonders whether Holden would have availed himself of 911 or help hotlines that were not in vogue then. But then telephony is not his strong suit, what with only 3 phone numbers in his address book. Unfortunately, these cacophonous dialogues end in hostility. He seems to self-destruct in his mission impossible chats with Ackley, Stradlater, the 3 women, Sally Hayes, and Carl Luce. Comedienne Joan Rivers could have stolen the line, ?Can we talk from Holden. Others like Lillian Simmons, Ernie the piano player, the people in magazine stories, and even the ministers in all his prep schools are putting on airs, a fa?ade, a persona. This failure to communicate is mostly his fault, though. It's almost as if he lashes out at himself in a self-flagellating ritual. Whether Holden's society fails him at home, in school, in religion, or in extraordinary interactions with ordinary people, the fear of a ?phony? imperfect and inconstant society, in the end, overwhelms Holden. Is he justified? In Holden's mind, indubitably. Will he ?apply? himself or revert to shadow boxing with his nemesis once he leaves the rest home? Only J. D. knows the answer to that question, and he absconded to the ?woods? and isn't talking. But Holden does leave us with a few context clues, if you know how to read between the lines, that lead one to believe that he sees the light at the end of his tunnel vision. English Essays