My Favourite Cafe

I would like to tell you some voice communication about single of my favourite drinking chocolate shops in Murom. It is a suitable localize to sit with a cup of tea or coffee tree or to spend spare time with your friends. In my humble opinion, it would be ruffianly to find friendlier place in Murom than this litlle cafe, but of course it is a occasion of taste. This coffee-house is located in Moscovskaya street near the cafe-club Happiness. The interior helps to seduce relaxed home atmosphere. It is a small cafe, which specializes in serving coffee and desserts with a small and simple dining room.You can find different types of coffee there espresso, capuchino, latte, black coffee, coffee with cognac, liqueur and some others. Also this cafe provides all kinds of drinks alcoholic and non-alcoholic, such as juice, mineral water and mixed types of tea. The cafes menu is rather diverse. You can eat salads, tilt and meat dishes tasty cakes, rolls and and pies with different fi llings fruits apples, oranges, grapefruits and lemons cut in small pieces sandwiches and pancakes with unlike syrops and sauces sushi and a variety of ice-cream, that can be with fruit sweet syrops, gaga and chocolate.The interior of this cafe is rather cosy and comfortable. Inside the cafe one can observe some(prenominal) small wooden tables without table-cloths, wooden chairs and dainty soft sofas. There are stands with sugar, salt and paper napkins on the tables. abutting the entrance, there is a large mirror, therefore the visitors have an opportunity to quality at themselves. Along the walls are wooden cases with some pictures and photos. You can eternally hear unostentatious and melodic music there.The waiters are rather neat, informal and polite. Usually the order is ready quickly, and the visitors dont wait for a long time. Unfortunately, I cant remember, when this cafe starts its work, but I know that they close up usually at 1 oclock am. Also, it is allowed to smok e there, but only after 7 oclock pm. In the evening some visitors ask the waiter to earn them an ashtray, so that they can drink a cup of fresh coffee with a cigarette. The prices in this cafe are non very high.The damage of a cup of coffee varies from 40 to 150 rubles, ice-cream about 100-130 rubles and a glass of juice 30-40 rubles. Usually I prefer to order several cups of coffee, tasty ice-cream and some sweet deserts puddings, pancakes, pies, etc. In the nitty-gritty of the cafe, one can see a small bar with a variety of alcohol drinks, mineral waters and juices. The room itself is looking not very large, yet it is bright, clean and pleasing to the eye. So you can slow enjoy yourself in this lovely place.

Project Proposal for Ministry of Trade Web Portal

COMPUTER accomplishment DEPARTMENT communicate PROPOSAL FOR MINISTRY OF TRADE WEB PORTAL PRESENTED BY RAHAB WAMBUI KIARIE REG NO SP13/20526/08 COURSE CODE COMP 402 PRESENTED TO MR. OMWOYO SUBMISSION TIME OCTOBER 2011 A visualise proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of apprehension in Computer Science of Egerton University. Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION4 1. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT4 1. 2 OBJECTIVES5 CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW5 2. screen background OF THE system of rules6 STARNDARD REQUIREMENT6 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT6 3. 1) HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS6 3. 1. 1) APPLICATION PROGRAM6 3. 1. 2 Operating System6 CHAPTER cardinal 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS7 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET8 4. 1. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE8 4. 1. 2 PROJECT figure9 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES10 ? ABSTRACT As envisaged in Kenyas flock 2030, swap ordain be one of the key sectors to catch economic growing of our field. The sector is the link between consumption and mathematical product within the economy and contributes towards the employment and wealth creation.There are tremendous potentials for exchange to play a central role in driving and sustaining harvest-time and poverty reduction in Kenya. The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), cuts across all sectors of the Kenyan economy but face unhomogeneous development challenges like overreliance on agriculture which chief(prenominal)ly depends on unpredictable weather, underdevelopment of Information, Communication and Technology and insufficiency of market information of local goods both locally and internationally.This hear will provide a solution to investors and MSMEs by providing information on the mixed enthronisation opportunities available in Kenya apart from agriculture, know active the various concern policies to avoid unfair peck and also provide a platform where local companies bottom of the inning upload their company profiles and the ministry promotes t heir products at switch over fairs at an international level. CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTIONThe Ministry of Trades topical mandate is Trade development policy Development of micro and exquisite agate line Fair merchandise practices and consumer protection Private sector development and international treat affairs. The ministry will champion the promotion of both domestic and foreign trade through creation of an enabling business and investment environment as highlighted in this project proposal. The purpose of this proposal is to let off in detail the aim of the project, the methods used in the implementation of the constitution, reach of the system and calculate and time history for the implementation of the project.It begins with the introduction which introduces the system to be developed. The next part is the problem statement, the literature review, the scope of the system and the requirements for the system. In the scope of the system we have the system functionali ties and its limitations. Since the system is to be developed within a located time frame and budget constraint, it is imperative that the proposal also contains the budget and time schedule. This explains the time schedule for the system and also the budget for the system. . 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Kenya trade industry faces a number of challenges unsound business regulatory modelling leading to multiple licensing and heavy or cumbersome regulations for SMEs which in term of enlistment leads to high cost of business transactions Lack of comprehensive trade information on the existing and emerging markets to investors and SMEs. Lack of sound business managerial skills and exposure to international best business practices has hampered the growth of the MSE sector.To overwhelm the problem a system needs to be developed with the springboard objective of providing Kenyans with a centralized location where they can get trade information and thus lead to economic growth and realization of vision 2030. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES 1. To develop a successful Ministry of Trade wind vane portal site 2. To identify conditions for successful implementation of a new improved system. 3. To rise access of trade information to Kenyans. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEWHaving collect information on the ministry of trade I was able to define the main drawbacks associated with the services of the industry. Information sharing between the ministry and the business people is non easy. Enormous opportunities exist in the domestic, regional and international markets. These opportunities should be in full exploited through the systematic promotion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and providing information to them.It is authoritative to note that as trade haves free and global, technological innovations will become increasingly important, offering consumers more and more options at cheaper prices in the country and all over the globe. With this system in place all the reques ts for trade information, will be available to recipients at any given time. consequently potential users are- oInvestors both local and international. oConsumers. oOther ministries in the government that cook closely with ministry of trade. oOwners of small and medium sized businesses. 2. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM The web portal will aid in the availing all the details of the trade industry. It will, as its name suggests, be place where the ministry can interact with the widely distributed public on matters pertaining its mode of operation. There are several issues about the systems scope. STARNDARD REQUIREMENT The requirements include the following 1. Computers 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 3. 1) Hardware requirements ?Processor Pentium IV with 2. 0 GHz or higher ?Memory 1GB of RAM or more ?Hard disc size 320 GB for host, 20 GB for client 3. 1. ) Application political program Programming PHP and JavaScript, Database design MySQL, Interface Macromedia Dream weaver, Macromedia fireworks , Macromedia Flash, wind vane browsers Mozilla Firefox, Internet explorer, Web server Apache, System Linux and Windows. 3. 1. 2 Operating System ?Windows XP (32-bit), Vista(32 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32 64-bit) ? Linux CHAPTER FOUR 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The program development cover will involve a number of steps as shown in the flow diagram below 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET 4. 1. 1 Project scheduleMinistry of Trade web portal is a large project that can be accomplished in a period of six months which equates to two semesters. The initial loading of the system with data takes place at the commissioning of the system. A complete schedule is as below. Period/TimeActivityDescription November 2011 acquisition of useful Resources. This involves collecting the useful facts from the ministry of Trade November 2011Databases Design Building individualist databases, tables and individual record sets and loading with standard trial data. December 2011 o January 2012Defining Reco rd setsInvolves defining relations of data within various databases and bureau of accessing them February 2012Creating a Graphical User InterfaceInvolves creating user interface that users of the system will use to search for information March 2012TestingInvolves testing the system with sample data and correcting any anomalies especially in the database design if any. April 2012Loading DatabasesInvolves clearing databases with test data and loading with actual data. May 2012Commissioning the System This involves deployment of the system, hosting it so that it can be accessed by anybody.Table 1) Project schedule 4. 1. 2 PROJECT BUDGET PARTICULARSQUANTITYUNIT PRICE (Kshs)TOTAL COST(Kshs) 1Transport 5000 2Storage devices flash drive, CDs2 GB Flash Drive 2 loggerheaded Disks 1,000 252,000 50 3Printing expenses1000 4Stationery2 A4 Books 2 pens 100 25200 50 5Computer Machine and softwareAvailable but control 6Internet costs 2000 7Airtime6000 TOTALKshs 16,300 Table 2) project budget 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES ?Ministry of Trade strategic Plan 2008-2012. ?Hawryszkiewycz, I. (1998), Introduction to System Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, Australia.

Long walk Essay

I have no friend, Margaret when I am glowing with the excitement of success, there bequeath be none to participate my joy if I am assailed by disappointment, no one pull up stakes endeavour to have got me in dejection. (Page 5) -Robert Walton -Letter 2 It relates to the theme of isolation, he conceptualizes he is too salutary for anyone, nobody matched to his intelligence therefore he is alone. He is also aspirant he wants to be k immediatelyn for discovering something. You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may non be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. (Page 16) -Robert Walton-Letter 4 This is foreshadowing, Victor is saying that he hopes that Waltons thirst for knowledge and take a chance not turn into ruin as his fate was before him. ask from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the achievement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become heavy(p)er than his nature will allow. (Page 43) -Victor Frankenstein -Chapter 4 He is advising Walton to believe more in his family and town rather than to seek knowledge because with great knowledge brings great destruction if not used in the jell way.Plus to always follow life as nature will allow and to not defy it. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should prime(prenominal) break through, and pour a torrent of light into our smutty world. (Page 44) -Victor Frankenstein -Chapter 4 He wanted to implore the fine line surrounded by life and death, this was when his curiosity into the matter began to stir. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation only when now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. (Page 48) -Victor Frankenstein -Chapter 5He believed his dream to be that of beauty and accomplishment rather he bring ond a demon of such hideous attri justes that is disgusts him that he was able to cook such a thing. flash of lightning illuminated the object and discovered its decide plainly to me its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon to whom I had given life (Page 69) -Victor Frankenstein-Chapter 7 He goes on to further talk about the hideousness of the monster, he describes the horrid commentary in great detail, he compares his creation to the devil, thus implying bible stories. The wondrous and magnificent scenes afford me the greatest consolation I was capable of receiving. (Page 92) -Victor Frankenstein -Chapter 10 This is a romantic feature it describes nature, landscape and scenery and how original feels at peace when surrounded by it. This is once he compels the monster and abandons it in fear.All men hate the odious how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. (Page 95) -The hulk -Chapter 10 The Monster is explaining to Frankenstein his damage and anguish because he odd him after creating him, he relates it to god and creation Adam. This is where the monster begins to feel the emotion of betrayal.When I lookedaround I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (Page 119) -The Monster -Chapter 13 This is indistinguishability crisis, he begins to ask himself questions about who he is, he is in a dilemma within himself. Thanks to the lessons of Felix and the sanguinary laws of man, I had learned now to work mischief I bent over her, and placed the portrait securely in one of the folds of her dress. She moved again, and I fled.The theme of revenge, the monster has now realized that he will never be recognized by humanity, so is cunning and knowledge is revealed when he tricks them into thinking Janine killed William. I am alone and miserable man will not partner with me but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the homogeneous species and have the same defects. This being you must create. (Page 146) -The Monster -Chapter 16The Monster wishes for Victor to create a monster just as him, so he has a companion, this is the climax in the story. This shows that the monster understands the meaning of family and being together and that is what he wants. I will revenge my injuries if I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear and chiefly towards you my arch-enemy, because my creator, do I swear inextinguishable hatred. Have a care I will work at your destruction, nor finish until I desolate your heart, so that you shall curse the hour of your birth. (Page 148) -The Monster -Chapter 17This shows that if he cannot be loved by people and be part of a family, he will make people fit and fear him, he will take revenge on those who did not like him, he is angry at the fact that victor left him and thus will destroy him. Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have forefinger you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master obey (Page 172) -The Monster -Chapter 20What you create can always overcome you the monster says that even though victor created him, he still has the power above him. Further depth on the theme revenge. You can blast my other passions, but revenge the Great Compromiserrevenge, henceforth dearer than light of food I may die, but first you, my tyrant and lectureor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. (Page 173) -The Monster -Chapter 20 vindicate is his main focu s and is emphasized now, The monster is very angry and wishes to torment victor. He goes from calling him my creator to my tyrant and tormentor.

Strategic Plan Part 2: Swot Analysis

The purpose of this synopsis is to analyze the arrays and tr ratiocinations that Green stilt hot chocolate bean Rosters faces relevant to its hawkish position. The synopsis will explore immaterial forces such as economic, social, legal and regulatory. The paper will also meditate internal forces such as resources, goals, and intellectual property, as it relates to Green jalopy umber Rosters. I will describe how the comp each adapts to changes identify the major(ip) issues and opportunities that this company faces with in this synopsis.External Forces and Trends Legal and Regulatory- These forces impact Green jam deep brown Rosters daily. In my opinion the one legal or regulatory force GMCR encounters is the Clayton Act. This stands out to me beca riding habit of solely the daubs that argon under the GMCR banner (Lister, 2012). The Clayton act prohibits venire of directors being in position to make decisions for competing companies working under the like corporate bann er. The coffee retail market is governed by U. S. ntitrust laws as any other industry. The Federal Trade Commission Act bars blackguardly methods of competition, such as misleading information or deceptive fear practices (Lister, 2012). The act is aim is to keep each coffee retailer, regardless of whether it sells coffee, ingenuous with the information it provides to consumers about its products, and The Food and Drug Administration monitors all coffee products sold in the U. S. and inspects them to ensure no potentially harmful ingredients are present.Economic- Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates, Pearce & Robinson (2009). A potential economic trend is the Hispanics demographic. The ethnic assort drinks coffee more than other racial and ethnic groups. They begin drinkable coffee earlier than other groups and in their older years are more likely to be exclusive coffee drinkers and 74 pct of Hispanic-Ameri abides drink coffee daily, twelve percentage points ahead of other Americans.As they plow acculturated they mimic the attitudes and behaviors of non-Hispanic coffee drinkers. Competitive Analysis- Since 1981 GMRC has built formidable constitution from its small beginnings as a small cafe in Waitsfield, Vermont. Its positioning dodge thus far has been brilliant, differentiating its brand from other brands in the market. Green green goddess Coffee Rosters used a method of delivering value, strategic relationships and customer segments to turn away market from Nestle and other hot beverage manufactures. inherent Forces and TrendsStrategy- It appears that GMCR is consistently strategizing. Even with the inevitable expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 2012. The company is positioning competitively GMCR is attempting to increase its brands awareness by partnering with other coffee manufacturers, such as Folgers by supplying K-Cup packs for competitors, GMCR increase awareness of Keurig product s with this strategy. A nonher tactic GMCR is using to competitiveness the expiration of K-Cup pack patent is technology (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012).The organization recently machine introduced to the market a mid-high end brewer that provides many an(prenominal) more options than regular Keurig machines. Consumer can control the strength of their drink, the temperature at which it is brewed, the come in brewed, and brew many other drinks including cafe beverages (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). This is an hazard for GMCR to tap into more affluent markets and promote its specialty coffee as a complement to the Keurig Vue. Culture The culture at GMCR is mindful to the effectivity of the task.The ideas promote a positive perception in the company from customers, employees, suppliers, and stakeholders. The GMCR centre on establishing cultural environment to ensure everyone effectively knows how to implement the mission, vision, and value set for th e organization. Key areas are GMCR purpose states We create the ultimate coffee experience in every life we touch from tree to loving cup transforming the way the world understands business (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). Another famous cultural belief of GMCR is personal excellence quoted this way For today and tomorrow.Our competitive strength comes from the continuous improvement of all that we do (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). We actively seek out and apply best practices. Other principles to buy at its cultural environment are continuous learning, appreciating differences, shared ownership, and world benefit. strategic Capabilities Green Mountain Coffee Rosters imported coffee from 24 countries. This indicates that it has incoming logistics capabilities, such as material control systems, inventory control systems, raw material handling, and warehousing (Green MountainCoffee Roasters, 2012). Located in 7 states GMCR operates from three business units the specialty coffee business unit, which includes Green Mountain Coffee, Barista Prima, Tullys Coffee, herds grasss World Coffee, and Coffee People coffee brands the Keurig Business Unit, where the Keurig exclusive cup brewing system was created and the Canadian Business Unit, which is responsible for all GMCR sales in Canada and includes the Van Houtte business and Timothys brand (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). This is also a demonstration of its strategic capabilities.Conclusion ahead I analyzed the competitive position of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, I asked could this company do anything wrong? Now at the end of my analysis I ponder the same question. Im not an expert yet at conducting SWOT analysis, but in my minor opinion one does not conduct a SWOT on a successful firm. I analyzed GMCR objectively and un-bias and still cipher the company has exceptional competitive positioning strategy The only failing to me is expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 2 012.Still the organization manages to use the one the counter measure that my professor taught GMCR does. They are practically giving K-Cup packs away, supplying them to any firms that want to use them. For now this prove they can produce the product cheap, showing the competition that it probably not a good strategy to develop a similar product to the K-Cup. ?ReferencesGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. (2012). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http//www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. hypertext mark-up language Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2012).Corporate sociable Responsibility Report Fiscal 2011. Retrieved from http//www.com/-/media/sustainability/PDF/CSRreport/GMCRCSRReport. 2011. ashxGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2009). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http//www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. html Lister, J. (2012). Regulation of Coffee Retail Market in the USA.Retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/about_6886008_regulation-coffee-retail-market-usa. html Pearce, J. A. , & Robinson, R . B. (2009). strategical Management Formulation, Implementation, and Control (11th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay

Amines are confuseds composed of newton atoms presence alkyl or redolent compounds. Amines undergo interesting responses, wiz of which is with the reply with nitrous acid producing an azo spot. In this get word, the investigate cogitate on synthesizing an observing the physical properties of Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is of the roughly gross tints found in waxes, oils and in some feed ing lossients specifically curry and chilli powder.Furthermore, this study aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol. To be subject to synthesize Sudan-1, preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride dissolvent and - naphthol solution were do. Ingrain dyeing was also done in this audition. The synthesis of Sudan-1 has a two-step reception diazotization and coupling replys. Diazotization is the governance of diazonium season, meanwhile, the coupling reaction took place when an worked up aromatic compound, -naphtol was reacted with the diazonium salt, ben zene diazonium chloride, to variance the azo compound cognize as the 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result, an orange-red effectuate was formed after series of reaction. Hence, all the said objectives in this experiment were achieved.Amines are compounds that are composed of a nitrogen atom bea bring forward alkyl or aromatic assorts. They are basic and nucleophilic because of their lone pair. They choke both in plants and animals. Amines pay offs some of the virtually interesting effects and of the common reaction of aminewith nitrous acid producing a dye4. Alizarin, for example is a red dye extracted from madder root used by Egyptians and Persians. However, in this experiment, it aimed to produce a dye commonly known as Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is a lysochrome with the chemic formula 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. It is a powdered substance with an orange-red people of colour.This azo dye is most commonly found in waxes, oils, and also in some food coloring ingredients curry powder and c hili powder. However, the presence of Sudan-1 in most foods now is currently being banned because it has been classified to be carcinogenic. This experiment focused on synthesizing of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol which is a two-step reaction. The first reaction is the reaction of aniline with nitrous acid, which is called diazotization and second, the reaction of diazonium salt and beta-naphtol to form azo dye which is the coupling reaction.Figure 1 Diazotization reception of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt In diazotization reaction, there is a formation of diazonium salts. This reaction is do possible when a old aromatic amine is treated with nitrous acid. Then in coupling reaction, the electrophilic substitution reaction of a diazonium salt with an activated aromatic ring formed a azo compound specifically an azo dye.3 The main objective of this study was to be able to synthesize Sudan-1. Also, it aimed to cha racterize the azo dye with its most distinguishing physical properties. Furthermore, this experiment also aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of Sudan-1.Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with -Naphthol Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with -Naphthol Aniline was reacted NaNO2 crystals under acidic condition using HCl in a cold temperature. The solution was done in a in truth cold temperature because the phenyldiazonium intermediate easily decomposes back to its aniline counterpart at a slightly high temperature hence the temperature of the solution was maintained in an ice bath beneath 5C.Rock salt whitethorn also be added to the ice bath to maintain the temperature. However, in this experiment, no rock salts were added instead constant monitoring of the temperature was done. -naphthol solution was used as a coupling reagent in synthesizing Sudan-1. In preparing -naphthol solution, -naphthol was dissolved in 5% of a queous NaOH and was also cooled in an ice bath under 5C, this was to avoid the decomposition of the compounds. The main reaction that occurred in the preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution was diazotization reaction. Diazotization is the reaction between a primary aromatic amine and nitrous acid at cold temperatures to diazonium salt compound.2 Figure 1 beneath is the reaction exhibited by the phenyldiazonium chloride solution.As this experiment aimed to synthesize Sudan-1, two stairs are done. The first step would be the reaction of a primary aromatic amine to produce a diazonium salt as seen in Figure 1. The second step, then, is the reaction of the diazonium salt with a strongly activated aromatic syste,l known as coupling reactions. Azo coupling is the reaction between a diazonium compound and aniline, phenol or other aromatic compound which produces an azo compound.5 In this experiment -naphthol couples with the diazonium salt. Figure 2 below shows the coupling reac tion of the benzene diazonium chloride with -naphthol and having the product of Sudan-1. Furthermore, judge 3 below is the summary of reactions of the synthesis of Sudan-1 in this experiment. Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1In this experiment, a interpenetrate paper was used to undergo ingrain dyeing. Ingrain dyeing is an irreversible chemical reaction of the diazonium salt solution and the activating aromatic solution. An orange-red sift paper was produced after such procedure. The presence of orange-red color in extend indicates the presence of the azo dye (see appendix for the orange-red filter paper produced). The Sudan dye is synthesized right in the spaces between the filter paper such that they are permanently trapped inside the fiber spaces of the filter paper.2 later on miscellany the phenyldiazonium chloride solution with the -naphthol solution, an orange-red paste-like solution was formed. Furth ermore, the mixed solution was also reacted at a temperature not exceeding 4C for 1-5 minutes. Afterwards, the mixture was also filtered was washed with several portions of water to filter the product, Sudan-1.Recrystallization was also done when the filtrate was pissed off bath after dissolving it with 95% hot ethanol. AS a result, orange-red crystals were formed which is the Sudan-1 product. The crystal appeared to be orange-red in color due to the N=N connect present in Sudan-1. The N=N is trusty for the absorption oflight thus reflecting a color which is orange-red. The structure of Sudan-1 is shown in Figure 4 below showing the N=N bond of the compound. The N=N is known as the chromophores which are responsible for the color. The OH meeting attached in the structure is also responsible for enhancing the orange-red color. The OH functional group is known as the auxochrome, which modifies the ability of the chromophore to absorb the light.1Figure 4 body structure of Sudan-1A zo-compounds, compounds with general formula Ar-N+=N-Ar-, are coupling products from the reaction of diazonium salts with amines. The general reaction pattern for Sudan synthesis first undergoes diazotization reaction and then coupling reaction with highly activated aromatic compounds. In this experiment, the diazotization reaction of aniline with NaNO2 and HCl yielded a diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride. Furthermore, the diazonium salt then underwent coupling reactions with an activated aromatic ring which is -naphthol.The coupling reaction yielded an azo compound which is most commonly known as the Sudan-1 with an IUPAC name of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result of the reactions in this experiment, an orange-red color of solution was produced. This experiment aimed to understand the reactions that underwent to synthesize Sudan-1 as a result, figure 3 was the summary of reactions. As a physical result, orange-red colored crystals were produced representing the azo compoun d, Sudan-1. However, some minor errors go forth not be ignored in this experiment.Some errors like human errors might have affected the results in yielding a pure azo compound. One human error, would be the measuring of the reagents used to yield the said product. Also, the misreading of some measurements may have also affected the results of this experiment. Also, some impurities in the chemicals used will also not be ignore, since this impurities may have led to a not so visible side reactions in the said experiment. After being said and done, all the said objectives in this experiment were met.

Interpreter of Maladies Essay

Poor colloquy and unexpressed feelings cause agony for characters in the stories. Discus In Jhumpa Lahiris collection of short stories vox of Maladies, poor communication and suppressed feelings result in distress for characters. many another(prenominal) protagonists in these stories have all been finished some sort of care due to impaired communication with those around them. Mrs pika in representative of Maladies reckonks consolation for her guilt from Mr Kapasi, whom was having difficulty himself communicating with his wife. In Sexy, Miranda misinterprets Davs meaning of sexy and In A Temporary Matter, Shoba and Shukumar exactly interacted with each other anymore after their baby died. Mrs In This smiling House, newly wed Twinkle and Sanjeev had numerous fights over Christian artefacts found through divulge the house.Through these stories, Lahiri is leavening to convey that healthy communication is essential to maintain connections with people so that we will not drop in many ways such as failure in romance. Usually in a tragedy, husbands and wives would comfort and assuage iodine another, try putting the past behind and move forward together. Following the stillbirth, twain Shoba and Shukumar grieved separately and ever since then their relationship went downhill. However in A Temporary Matter this was not the case for Shoba and Shukumar. Instead he popular opinion of how she and Shukumar had become experts at avoiding each other in their three-bedroom house, spending as much time on separate floors as possible. Lahiri chooses to write from Shukumars point of view so that readers would not be expecting Shobas covert motive for introducing the game, which was in order to gently reveal she was moving out by herself.Furthermore, through Shukumar, we can understand what kind of a soul Shoba initially was, She wasnt this way before. prior to the incident and also see how much she has changed. In the beginning he had believed that it would pass, that he and Shoba would get through it all somehow. Here we can see that Shukumar had hopes that he and Shoba could live ordinarily again, but merely hoping did not solve anything as he all the way did not put effort into making that happen. Instead, the two of them just waited for one another to make a move. Consequently, the stalemate and lack of communication in the midst of the two had caused the married couple to be awkward and uncomfortable be around each other, and thus the main cause for the downfall of their marriage.Mr Kapasi and Mrs Das struggle to interpret each others maladies.

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay

Buyer negotiate power refers to the pressure consumers can place on the application, influencing companies to provide violate products, service, and lower prices. One determinant of bargaining power is the upshot of vendee available. For the US burnt umber and eat industry, the large number of buyers is a monstrous advantage. According to National Coffee Association, 54% of American adults drink coffee. another(prenominal) key driver that gives buyers leverage is if they can do without the product for enormous durations.If so, the seller incurs losses when customers discontinue use of the product over run acrossable periods. However, coffee drinkers atomic number 18 high frequency buyers, purchasing the drink ninefold times throughout the week, if not more often. To these people, coffee has become an intrinsic part of their everyday lives. Because they cannot do without coffee, coffee shops can depend on repeat customers. Switching costs are another element to consider when gauging buyer bargaining.If switching costs are high, buyers are least credibly to change over to a competing product. Unfortunately for the US coffee and snack industries, there are absolutely zero costs associated with changing to a different product. Similarly, no cost is incurring when switching to another company. Thus, this makes coffee shops have to constantly alter their product lines, drive down costs, improve service, and other aspects to keep customers choosing their shops over someone elses.The buyers per capita pulmonary tuberculosis also players a role in determining attractiveness of an industry. During recessions, usable income generally becomes lower and spending of consumption is cut. When consumer spending is lower, people are less likely to spend on snacks and coffee. Overall, due to the high number of users and the high volume of purchases, from the buyer perspective the coffee and snack industry can be considered attractive.

Reflectiv Wring on a Personality Development Theory

A reflective essay on self, identicalness, own(prenominal)ity, and factors influencing individuality ground on James Marcias possibleness on privateity information. raft come in opposite shapes and sizes. Some are big man others are sm all(prenominal), well-nigh are fat and some are slim, some are short while some are tall. People realise legion(predicate) similarities. Unless born with a physical defect we all flip unmatchable head, two eyes, two ears, unmatched nose, one m out(a)h, two implements of war with five fingers each, and two legs with five toes each. So basically we are all physically alike.What makes us each uniquely different is our nature at bottom of us. A personality can be described as a persons own distinctive character or the qualities that makes soulfulness interesting or popular. festering up I would wonder how ones personality could be theorized. My quest was in short over as I learnt of the James Marcias possible action on personality ci vilisement. base on Erik Eriksons groundbreaking work on identity and psychosocial development in the 1960s, Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia refined and ext hold oned Eriksons model, primarily focusing on jejune development.Addressing Eriksons notion of identity crisis, Marcia posited that the childlike st maturate consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion, exclusively or else the degree to which one has explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains from vocation, religion, relational choices, gender economic consumptions, and so on. Marcias theory of identity achievement argues that two distinct parts form an adolescents identity crisis (i. e. a time when ones determine and choices are beingness reevaluated) and commitment. He defined a crisis as a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined.The end outcome of a crisis leads to a commitment made to a certain role or value. These are not stages, and rather processes that adolescents go through. All adolescents will occupy one or to a greater extent of these situates, at least temporarily. But, because these are not stages, people do not progress from one step to the next in a fit(p) sequence, nor must of all timeyone go through each and every state. Each state is determined by two factors * Is the adolescent committed to an identity, and * Is the individual look for for their true identity?These states include identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity Moratorium and identity achievement. I went to one of the best high school in the country. I did well in all subjects I did. I horizon I had it all. Paid attention to no one around me, I just ignored it all. People would say someday I would fall scarcely who would call for thought they would someday be right. But who would fork out thought I would have ended up like this. Working on the streets with nowhere to go, nothing to eat, nothing to wear, no money, no one to forge to in my distress.What can I do? Where can I go? Im lost in this world like a diffused particle basking in the air. Identity diffusion this is the state of having no clear idea of ones identity and making no attempt to take on that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they wait to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching. Growing up I was always considered by other to be a very brilliant child and I eventually developed the purport that I was.My parents enrolled me in the finest school they could afford. In the sixth figure I did the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) and attained a pull through to attend one of the noblest institutions in the country. I had always had the dream of worthy a instructor but my parents and others thought differently. Everyone in my family were either nurses or doctors so I felt like I had to follow in their pathway. In my family one would so t o primary election school then false to high school. During my frontmost three (3) years of high school I was forced to focus on the sciences.Then during the final two years one would have to sit all three (3) sciences in the Caribbean Secondary trial Certificate along with seven other subjects. I thought that if I didnt do well I would disap back breaker my parents and other family members, hence I just went along fulfilling what I thought was my obligation. Identity Foreclosure this message that the adolescent blindly accepts the identity and values that were given in childishness by families and significant others. The adolescents identity is foreclosed until they determine for themselves their true identity.The adolescent in this state is committed to an identity but not as a result of their own searching or crisis. I have had many friends growing up. I have had many role models. I have tried doing many sports. Only to find who I am. Where I run low in this cold world? I n school I tried acquiring many skills I did many subjects and gained them all. During my years at college I did many courses changing my major over three (3) times only to find who I really was and what I really wanted to become. I eventually graduated with a degree in medicine.But I unruffled havent found what I was looking for. I am hush searching for my purpose in this society. I am still searching for who I really am. Identity Moratorium this is the status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices yet. On the cool pass morning of January 21, 1995 an angel displace from God was born Alexcia Anglin. At age two I started school, at an early age teachers soon complete I were a brilliant child.I started Chetwood Memorial Primary school at that place I developed a passion for teaching. In the sixth grade I meet the one who turned out to be my role model Mr. G. Atkin son. Seeing his passion for teaching I then develop a greater passion for teaching and I wanted to emulate him. I then moved on the Mt. Alvernia High School where I met many other teachers who aided in my development and strengthened my rely to become a teacher. Church was also an integral part of my life.Going to lookout mans club on Sunday mornings and associating myself with children regularly I soon realized I loved being around younger children and it was during that point of my life I told myself I wanted to become a primary school teacher. During my high school years I tried my ever best to do well in all the subjects I knew I would need to attain in order to become a teacher. I thought I had everything under control and I thought I was on top but for a while things went sour. I swayed a bit and it seemed as though my dream of becoming a teacher was crushed.My grades were not at its best but a deep example inside me kept pushing me and told me to keep holding all, life wil l get better soon. Soon it was time to apply for college and I sent out my application to the Sam Sharpe Teachers college. That was not the end I had to sit eight CSEC subjects. Waiting for my results and a letter of credence from the college I was a bit nervous. Every thing eventually worked out I attain all ones and twos in my subjects and I got accepted to the college. hither I am today embracing my dream of becoming a primary school teacher.Identity Achievement this is the state of having developed well-defined personal values and self-concepts. Their identities may be expanded and further defined in adulthood, but the basics are there. They are committed to an ideology and have a strong sense of ego identity. The core idea of this theory is that ones sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. A well-developed identity gives on a sense of ones strengths, weaknesses, and individual uniqueness.A person with a less well-developed identity is not able to define his or her personal strengths and weaknesses, and does not have a well articulated sense of self. As teachers we need to be able to cope with the different personalities present in the classroom environment. Students come from different families, different communities and thus have different personalities and are taught different values. The onus is therefore on us as teachers to guide our students into developing socio acceptable values.Before we can do so, we must first know who we are, know what our values are and our personality. I am Alexcia Anglin a first year student of the Sam Sharpe Teachers College and as a result of the knowledge I gained in the Emerging sea captain course on James Marcias theory on personality development, I have discovered my identity status, which is IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT , as I am fulfilling my dreams of becoming a teacher. References * http//www. learning-theories. com/identity-status-theory- marcia. html * http//socialscientist. us/nphs/psychIB/psychpdfs/Marcia. pdf

Alzheimers Speech

http//www. nia. nih. gov/Alzheimers/Resources/images. htm I just passed out a blank card to everyone I would like you to draw an analog clock that reads the sentence 445, touch on to this piece of paper and Ill exempt it a myopic bit later. You might be wondering why there is a picture of an elderly cleaning woman on the screen. Well, that lovely old woman Is my grandmom and she was formally diagnosed with Alzheimers disease about 6 years ago, she was my eagerness for this speech . Mayo Clinic defines Alzheimers to be a disease that causes head word changes that gradually get worse.Alzheimers is the most common cause of delirium dementia is a group of brain disorders that cause progressive expiration of talented and social skills, severe enough to interfere with day-to-day life. There atomic number 18 2 types of Alzheimers, the most common is called late onset alzheimers which symptoms of the disease erupt after age 65, the other is called early onset alzheimers, this occ urs in a small amount of people who develop the disease in their 30s 40s and 50s When a person has Alzheimers the brain slowly loses its ability to dumbfound and retrieve memories and litigate information.A friends name that was once familiar now eludes them, a recipie that they used to make all the time now is impossible to remember, family members names be and dismantle a spouces face be forgotten. Mood and personality changes can buoy as well as occur, most of the time you will notice increased anxiety or agression.. although sometimes you will notice that person become more introverted and quiet eventually this DZ makes it impossible for people to exist without the serve well of others. That help often comes from the family members or an assisted living facilityAn easy way to explain this dz is to think about an old light bulb in a lamp, in the letning its on.. then sometimes it flickers until eventually it is off. So what scarce is going on in the brain that causes it to flicker and finally deliberate off? The brain works by sending signals. Chemical messengers called neurotransmitters throw overboard the brain to communicate with each other. People with Alzheimers have a decreased amount of neurotransmitters, they also develop deposits of plaques and the fibers in the brain begin to tangle. This prevents the cells from working properly.Over time the brain begins to shrink and all of these factors put in concert cause a steady decline in memory and psychological function. Earlier I had you draw a clock showing the time 445 on it. This is actually one of the many tests that are administered to people who are suspected to have Alzheimers. There is no specialized test for Alzheimers the only way the dz can be diagnosed with complete accuracy is after the person has died and a microscopic examination of the brain reveals the symptomatic plaques and tangles that I talked about earlier With that in mind, Hopefully the clock you draw looks like this (picture of clock on screen).For a person who is believed to be low-down with Alzheimers their clock looks something like this. This picture actually shows you the progession of someone with Alzheimers, you can see that the first clock is correct and as time goes on the image becomes more disorted. When my grandmom was diagnosed with alzheimers I didnt think much of it, I ruling that she could just take some medicine and she would get better solely Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimers. Alzheimers is the sixth-leading cause of death in the country and the only cause of death mong the top 10 in the United States that cannot be prevented, cured or even slowed There are just drugs to help cope with the secondary aspects of alzheimers like becoming anxious(predicate) or nervous. Alzheimers disease has no survivors. It destroys brain cells and causes memory changes, erratic behaviors and loss of body functions. It slowly and painfully takes away a persons identity, ability t o associate with others, think, eat, talk, walk and find his or her way home. This DZ is something that is close to my heart and i would just like to thank you all for listening.

Company Profile Essay

IntroductionBAYO is typesetters case of a medium store that now competing to other leading specialty store. We aim to meet the following objectives upon conducting this study To Identify the retail coiffure of BAYO and its competitors, To study and understand the participations retail format, To aim the advantages and disadvantages of BAYO with its competitors, To identify the dominance and the weaknesses of BAYO and aTo help improve the service provided by BAYO to its guests.Brief record of the follow BAYO started moment out as a made-to-measure dress shop in Makati. The need to splay grew bigger when BAYO launched its ready-to-wear line. In 1992, the growing necessitate triggered the establishment of Lyncor, Inc., and so a manufacturing firm, to support BAYO. BAYO, an ilonggo term which means, dress in English was chosen by the owners of the fraternity since they argon from Bacolod. BAYO reflects a clean, continent image. BAYO caters to women who embody the laid-ba ck, cursory emotional statestyle who read preference for stylish provided continent get dressed.BAYO is a testament of what the Filipino nooky do in todays competitive environment. BAYO is proud of what it has achieved as a Filipino retailer and it expresses its honest pride in being Filipino. This is what set the blade apart, its devotion to staying certain to its roots as a Filipino stigmatize. It has no pretensions on what the grass image is all about and rather keeps in tune with the brands origin, which is still Filipino. BAYO revolves around who the Filipina truly is in all her distinct facets and how she evolves with time but still maintaining her distinct pagan attributes.Company profilePeople behind the company Lyn Agustin and Corcor Bitong, the owner of BAYO. What the company does BAYO, a ready-to-wear clothing company that now has a heart of 53 branches 18 franchised and 40 company-owned within Metro Manila and Bacolod metropolis.When the company started Agustin and Bitong started their business in 1992 and started franchising in 2001.How the company grew Agustin and Bitong started out a dewy-eyed made-to-measure dress shop in Makati City. But when their demand and clientele grew, the sisters, together with their husbands, established Lyncor Inc., a manufacturing firm and began market their womens clothing designs in earnest.BAYO philosophyBAYO has always taken pride in our continuous suit to provide the Filipino people with the following Quality Merchandise. Quality Service. rational Prices. Comfortable and world class shopping experience. Fair laborBAYO started out as a made-to-measure dress shop in Makati. The need to expand grew bigger when BAYO launched its ready-to-wear line. In 1992, the growing demand triggered the establishment of Lyncor, Inc., then a manufacturing firm, to support BAYO.BAYO, an ilonggo term which means, dress in English was chosen by the owners of the company since they argon from Bacolod. BAYO reflec ts a clean, classic image. BAYO caters to women who embody the laid-back, casual lifestyle who have preference for stylish yet classic apparel.BAYO is a testament of what the Filipino can do in todays competitive environment. BAYO is proud of what it has achieved as a Filipino retailer and it expresses its full pride in being Filipino. This is what set the brand apart, its devotion to staying true to its roots as a Filipino brand. It has no pretensions on what the brand image is all about and rather keeps in tune with the brands origin, which is still Filipino. BAYO revolves around who the Filipina truly is in all her different facets and how she evolves with time but still maintaining her distinct cultural attributes.BAYOs strength lies in its ability and skill to create classic and stylish apparel and keeping in tune with what its market demands. Its focus is centered on its intersections, making them of good quality at very affordable prices.BAYO offers classic pieces of ready-to -wear apparel from blouses, tees, pants, jeans, skirts, accessories such as footwear, bags, jewelry and other merchandise, which can be easily be mixed and matched. BAYO aims to create a lifestyle for women by providing them with diverse range of products.BAYOs corporate structure has a very casual environment as well as a friendly atmosphere between management and employees. People treat to each one other like family, which makes it easy to communicate and deal with each other. This contributes greatly to the success of BAYO because it paves the way for a better working environment, which in turn promotes teamwork. BAYOs national commitment is to be able to provide physical exercise and to be able to raise the local industry to higher levels. Its cultivation is to be able to penetrate the global market and promote it as a Filipino brand.Statement of the problem1. What is their merchandise?BAYO is cogitate on providing wide variety of merchandise assortment and other accessories . They did not besides focus on clothing but also offer complementary simulation accessories to have overall makeover.2. What is their Store Design?BAYO arranged and designed their products harmonise to color. This is one way to attract customers attention. The stores wall is made of glass so that customers can see the products through and through the glass. They also have chairs for customers to sit on while waiting. They also have a separate rack for accessories and every week they have a new set of design of their product.3. What is their Market Segment?GeographicCity and Municipality Makati City and Taguig CityPopulation Density Urban and Suburbandemographic segmentationAge 17-22 and 23 upGender femaleFamily life cycle Single, young, married, in a relationship, married with children, separated and others. Occupation youngish urban professionals, students, housewife, white collar jobs.Psychographic dividerFemales usually go to center to try on for a need or to window shop realizing that females are innately sophisticated. Because of this reason probably they are the possible target audience. As clothing stores the focuses on womens apparel, we are targeting females that are willing to warp or adopt the latest elan. Instead of targeting females in the upper class, we focused on the market segment in the middle class realizing that upper class would prefer to visit stores having more expensive products.Behavioral classFemales generally provide sufficient time in visiting malls to come along for products that will make them feel more beautiful. They give more confinement in choosing, scrutinizing and deciding on which product they want to purchase from the factors of price, design, fashion and quality. Usually, females buy a product to have self-esteem and be in. Primarily, females who seek for job, already workers and students probably have the intention to go to BAYO store as well as using it for applying for a job and hang-outs.Need Segmentatio n Females that are looking for classical but casual wear Accessories that will complement in the casual wear that will fully assemble the taste, preference, occasion, professions and social activities for the customers Apparel with good and high quality materials that can be used in applying in profession and occasionally purpose.4. Why did they situate on that Location?BAYOs location in MARKET-MARKET TAGUIG is advantageous because its located near at activity center which you can gravel a customer, and their location of the store is easy to be seen because it is near at entrance and it is good for competition. BAYO location in Market-Market has a 96.50 square bar and they are one of the branches of BAYO.5. What is their marketing approach and their market positioning? conscription Based on observation, BAYO intensified their advertisement by having lots of billboards. Also, BAYO strategically use well-known artists to promote their products so that it will be lovable and co nvincing. These appeal made the products easy to remember. They also have a company sale which is held every whole month of July and the other sales furtherance of their store is depending on the mall sale. BAYO Company have a color campaign, those are Yellow for Happiness, Pink for Sweetness, Orange for Creativity and Purple for Sophistication.6. Who are their competitors?Their competitors are penshoppe, folded and hung, forever 21, kamiseta, tribal.7. Who are their target markets?Their target markets are the teenagers or middle ages.8. What is their customer service?BAYO is giving a high customer service by means of providing free iron and fold for purchased apparels. in that respect is also a salesperson assisting the customers in the dressing area.9. How do you come up to your customers complaints?BAYO should know first their complaint about their product and give them possible solution to satisfy their customers.10. Do you have your fixing customers?BAYO have their regular customers like teens and middle ages.

Stop Thief!

It was Christmas, the m in all was pretty vivid and splashy, at that place were all sorts of ornaments hanging around the mall. As I moved from deceive to shop, I saw beautiful new fashioned clothes, iPods, wooden antiques, thenar items and Santa of course. Different types of Christmas cards, greetings, bouquet, and box of chocolates, teddies and Santa costumes were displayed on every corner waiting to be sold out. This was my first trip to Canada and I was really enjoying the every wintry chilli weather of the country.I was about to travel the following day to my uncle who had shifted thither 15 years ago. And I was really very eager to give ear my cousins for the first time. As I was walking through the mall when I erect saw what I was waiting for, a shop ornament with fine beautiful painting stark(a) for a beautiful brook like my uncles one, I looked at the paintings and then I looked to the money in my purse which I had been saving for 2 years I valued to buy one for m y uncle so that he says Oh Dear how sweet of youSuddenly, intermission into my day dreams a boy of 24 or so just like my big brother suited in a police detective uniform with black hat, and black glasses, his face covered came running away me shouting stop him, catch him dont let him go and tripped at my feet. I said sorry to him and gave him a hand to require up, he got up and gave me a slight push and I matte something tickle down my purse as he wiped his clothes and unploughed running I thought for a while that are all Canadians manner less that they run away without even saying a Thank You.I then just dismissed the subject and forgot about it and unplowed walking thinking to buy the painting I was looking preliminary to and some winter clothes to help me stay alive here in this cold, as I entered a shop I took the perfect jeans and some winter clothes thinking I would next buy the painting, I went happily to the counter waiting for the bill to be condition to me when I g ot the total I was not really shocked because that amount was not much but when I looked to my purse I was more(prenominal) shocked when I looked inside, the zip was open and the money was gone I had no hope now that I would find it again.

A company, interested in the design Essay

Gabriel oaks character has unquestionable a lot in Far from the Madding Crowd. He started out as clumsy and vacuous and he ended up as heroic. A hero is a man admired for achievements and shocking qualities In this case this word does non refer to some nonpareil(a) with superhuman powers The prototypical description of Gabriel Oak on work days, he was a man of sound judgement, easy motions, proper dress and general tidy character. braws description implies that on that point is nothing spare about Farmer Oak that he is just an average man. Hardy as well states, that on a Sunday, a non-working day Oak is a kind of pepper and salt mixture.This means that he is normal he is a man with balanced morals. Another thing that Hardy uses to act as across Oaks personality is the way he dresses. This gives peck more idea about Oaks character and personality. His change state were very(prenominal) practical but they made him look clumsy and foolish. Hardy as well as states tha t Gabriel was a source of some amusement his trance was very difficult to get out, apart from being amusing, this also demonstrates that Oak doesnt need to use modern conventions to tell the time. He nominate use the position of the sun and stars to tell the time. This is an example of how close he is to nature.This is also hinted in his name Gabriel oak, the word oak is apply to describe him as natural and sturdy like the oak tree. In the 1st chapter, Bathsheba is in a carriage laden with goods, she is stopped at a toll gate and she refuses to pay the toll. When Farmer Oak sees this he steps in and pays the man at the gate the money necessary to let Bathsheba pass. This shows that Oak is a generous and bold man. Generosity is one of Oaks many noble qualities. In chapter 5, Hardy demonstrates one of Gabriels commencement exercise changes in character one of Farmer Oaks dogs round up and chased all of his flock over the cliff.This lost him a lot of money as the sheep were not in sured and ruined his livelihood. His first thought was of pity, he felt pity for the sheep, after this Gabriel muttered Thank graven image I am not married what would she have done in the poverty now coming upon me This proves Oak to be a very humble and kind man, he did not think of himself or the debts he now had. This demonstrates another noble quality that Farmer Oak has selflessness. It also shows Oaks true feelings about Bathsheba. In chapter 6, Hardy also demonstrates Oaks heroism there was a fire at the farm in weatherbury, a rick of straw had caught fire in a barn.There was a crowd of spectators all panicking, none of them in the raw what to do. Gabriel immediately and sedately took charge of the panicking crowd. He called for a ladder and began putting out the fire himself with no concern of his take personal safety. This was a very heroic act by Gabriel. He was described as bold by one of the bystanders. In chapter 21, there is another hazard at Bathshebas farm, one of her flocks of sheep managed to get into a clover theme and they are all going to die.Bathsheba sends for Farmer Oak he is the one who knows how to cure them, as Oak has just been sacked from the farm, he is loath to come back and help. Although, Gabriel swallows his pride and goes to the farm and began to cure the sheep very calmly and precisely Gabriel began to use it with a dexterity that would have graced a hospital surgeon. This is a very heroic act, he swallows his own pride and helps somebody else, he didnt even think about receiving a reward, he did it out of his own kindness and his own concern for the animals.In chapter 36, Gabriel realises that there is lots of Bathshebas produce exposed to rain. He goes back indoors to fetch help but everybody has passed out because they were drunk. Gabriel, rather than leaving it and hoping it would not rain, begins work atop the rick with no concern for his own safety. This is a very helpful and heroic thing to do. In chapter 3 7, Gabriel Oak is working on top of one of the ricks of straw in a mesomorphic lightning storm. Bathsheba comes up to help Oak they then begin to engage in an intimate conversation in which Bathsheba turns to Gabriel for guidance.Once again, Farmer Oak puts his own feelings aside and guides Bathsheba. Thomas Hardy made Gabriel Oak the hero in this novel, at the end of the novel, Gabriels noble qualities finally paid take out and he managed to marry Bathsheba Everdene he was always the one standing by her side, supporting and helping her in whatever she did. Hardy implied this by his name- he was a rooted form of support. This shows Farmer Oak as a true hero, putting his feelings aside to help others.

Chemistry Report

Standardize a resolvent of potassium manganate(VII) by an beseech (II) salt (ammonium iron (II) sulphate) Introduction Oxidation designs describe the number of electrons the atom go out gain or lose during a reception. individually atom in an equation butt end be assigned an oxidization number according to certain rules. If the oxidation number of an atom increases as you go from the left side to the right side if an equation, oxidation has occurred (electrons acquit been anomic) if the oxidation number decreases, reduction has occurred (electrons have been gained). MnO4? + 8 H+ + 5e? Mn+? + 4 H2O (1) In the above reduction half-reaction, manganese has undergone a decrease in oxidation number from +7 to +2. In the following(a) oxidation half-reaction, each iron atom has undergone an increase in oxidation number from +2 to +3. Fe+? Fe+? + e? (2) Oxidation mustiness occur along with reduction. These reactions are called redox (reduction/oxidation ) reactions. The number of electrons lost and gained in the half reactions must be equal. The overall redox reaction becomes MnO4? + 5 Fe+? + 8H+ Mn+? + 5 Fe+? 4H2O (3) Potassium permanganate is widely rehearsed as an oxidizing agent in volumetric analysis. Since the MnO4 ion is a chummy pink-violet colour and the Mn2+ ion is nearly colourless, the end point in titrations using KMnO4 can be taken as the first pink colour that persists in the solution. In titration , permanganate solution is put in the burette and is run quite a little to an doseified solution of reducing agent, e. g.. ammonium iron(II) sulphate solution. In this experiment, KMnO4 will be used to determine the percentage of Fe2+ in an unknown solid essay dissolved in water.The permanganate oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ is carried out in an acidic solution to prevent the air oxidation of Fe2+. A potassium permanganate solution will be standardized by titrating it with a known mass of Mohrs salt, ferric ammonium sulphate hexahydrate or Fe(N H4)2(SO4)26H2O. (Mohrs salt fulfils the requirements of a aboriginal standard. It is easily obtained in pure form, it is stable to oxidation when dry and is not hygroscopic. http//faculty. ccri. edu/eterezakis/1100%20Exp%205,%20Iron%20Analysis%20by%20Redox%20Titration%20_egt_. pdf http//www. mrteverett. om/Chemistry/labs/Chem%201A%20-%20Lab%20-%20Titration%20%28Redox%29. pdf Objectives To prepare and standardize a solution of an oxidizing agent,potassium manganate(VII) by titrating it with standard solution of a reducing agent,ammonium iron (II) sulphate. Then use the standardized to determine the concentration of a sample of unknown concentration. Materials ammonium ion iron (II) sulphate crystals Potassium manganate (VII) solution Distilled water 1. 0M sulphuric acid Apparatus Beakers 250cm? volumetric flask Conical flask Burette pipette Electronic weighing machine Methods

Bully Prevention Program Essay

This design has become roaring at the Midway elementary educate in Utah, because it is ran off of four hallmarks which ar Lead to systematic mixed bag, garner commitment for all, instruct comprehensive strategies and skills and continue year afterward year. at heart the paper, I catch out discuss my belief of the succession of this type of course in an elementary school setting in inner urban center Philadelphia schools. Bully Prevention Program In recent years, blustery within schools has become one of the most serious issues we have been faced with. entropy shows that boorren as young as age 11 have attached suicide because they were no longer able to deal with the pressure of world bullied. Because of this and other factors involving school deterrence, congress have begun to work on a legislation called the safe school improvement act, which require schools to collect data and establish certain guidelines regarding disciplinary actions and they must also come up with a system to register complaints to combat bullying within their schools.However, since this is not a law that has been enacted, Brent Burnham, a school counselor at Midway Elementary develop in Midway, Utah has decided to go for her own school wide bullying cake course of study at her school. The bully prevention program at Midway elementary was utilise 7 years ago. Within the program, Burnham has developed four core linguistic rules that she gestates has do their program successful. The first of the four principles is, lead to systematic change. This principle says that thither must be a change within the school at all trains and at that crop must be a change ithin the fraternity as well, because in order for the program to be successful, you must change the culture of the schools environment. The second principle that Burnham implemented was garner commitment for all. This principle says that all of the schools staff, including the school bus driver, should be on board with the death penalty of the program for the program to be a success. The third principle in the bully prevention program is, to teach comprehensive strategies and skills.This principle says that hard-hitting programs must be comprehensive and there atomic number 18 certain skills that be required by the staff so that they vest forward identify a bullying situation. And the final principle is to continue year after year. In order for the program to be a full success, it must be consistent in what it provides. Often times, schools go forth start a program but will not follow through with it year after year and the program will then fizzle out. The bully prevention program at Midway elementary also has key components which are implemented sequentially.These components are, administrative support you must have the support from the staff and the school administration, and a strong support team. Data proper say keeping must be kept also the program should be evaluated. St aff training all staff should be trained on how to recognize and identify bullies and their victims and also be able to de terminal figureine if a situation is a true violation of the no bullying form _or_ system of goernment that has been set forth. Student awareness and education all should be in full aware of the bully policy and clear on the consequences if the policy is violated. at that place should also be lessons taught to the students about bullying and bully prevention. Critical affable skills training to the students Once the basics have been taught to the students, they will still bring additional training on this policy so continuous counsellor lesson plans will need to be developed and taught throughout the school. Lastly, targeted intervention for bullies and victims by keeping proper records of the bullying incident that occur within the school, it will be easy to identify bullies and their targeted victims. Once these children are identified, there will be spec ific programs for these children.The bullies will express wherefore it is they bully and military service will be provided to those students and the victims so they stop try to get over the fear they whitethorn have. After reading this article, I find that there are some pros and cons to this type program creation implemented at inner city schools in Philadelphia. single pro of having this type of program would be to lower the crime rate within the schools. Often times, children bullying other children lead to more violent crimes, for instance, the shooting that happened at columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado.Two students embarked on a slaughter killing 12 of their classmates and one teacher because they were fed up with being bullied. By having this type of program and addressing these issues early, these types of crimes or less serious crimes can be prevented. other(prenominal) pro to this type of program is that it teaches children social skills and teach them ho w to manager their anger and behavior. This program can increase the childrens level of awareness on how bullying can extremely affect their victims and themselves.Another pro to the bully prevention program is that it offers training to the staff. This is a bulky idea so that everyone will be on the same rapscallion in the fight to eliminate and prevent bullying. Also, providing intervention to the bullies is great as well. You have to teach children things while they are young. If this type of program is successfully implemented in elementary schools and in middle and broad(prenominal) schools, bullying can be virtually eliminated. However, with pros, there are also cons to the program. One con is trying to get everyone on board.Within the city of Philadelphia, it is historically known that many parents do not partake in their childs education in the manner that they should, this is one reason why the high school dropout rate is so high. So trying to get parents on board for th e no bullying program may be hard. Since this program is set up for all stakeholders to be involved, without parents help, the program may not be as successful. Another con to this program is the term and definition of bullying being misunderstood and misinterpreted by the staff that is to put into action the consequences for this behavior.What you do not want to happen is, children who are exclusively horse playing or just kidding around with one another being accused of bullying when that was not the case. The training to the staff must be thorough and put into clear plain terms so little is left to be assumed. With bullying becoming an epidemic, I believe this type of program is definitely needed and has the potential to be successful within all levels of schools within the School District of Philadelphia.The program may need to be tweaked for each grade level (elementary, middle and high school) but if it is implemented properly it could be a success. School counselors are in a unique position with having to put in place such a program and to be sure that it work, but this is why they are trained very well to address these types of social frantic behaviors. Although the pros of having such a program out weight the cons, the major business that could be a potential road block for implementing the program is funding.The School District of Philadelphia has reached a plateau in its budget deficit and deep laid off many of its employees including the superintendent. However, with the right proposal for the program, I can not see this being turned down by the board. I think this is something that is definitely needed so that we as counselors can present our children and our community. References Burnham, Brent. (2011, July 1). School wide bully prevention program. http//schoolcounselor. membershipsoftware. org/article_content. asp? article=1215.

Define and Discuss ‘Retail Experience’ Essay

Define and discourse retail friendship. Use a crusade study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retail merchant create and enhance abide by?Define and discuss retail vouch. Use a case study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retailer create and enhance value?David OluRETAIL MANAGEMENTDefine and discuss retail get under hotshots skin. Use a case study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retailer create and enhance value?When people go stigmatizeping they compliments to encounter an enjoy sufficient birth which leave behind pay off their needs so in recent years retailers boast act to take the sleuthping picture to a nonher level in tack together to advocate consumers to build a relationship with the brand. The purpose of this essay get verboten be to outline what is meant by the term retail fetch. The principal(prenominal) focus will be on a particular case study involving orchard apple tree in order to exp lain how the retailer goes on to enhance value. sell go through undersurface be seen as a process in which a retailer packages an bring forth together with harvest-feasts. (Berman B & Evans J 2010) highlight that A sellers form depends heavily on its atmosphere. When experienceing at atmosphere it is the psychological feeling a guest gets when visiting the retailer.It is differentiated that atmosphere force out influence hedonic value this is an important aspect of the experience, beca drill this is what plays a vital role in tallying a guests interest and it can help in tip the customer into the buying process. All of the major retailers will aim to issue a relaxing environment for their consumers beca expend shop is considered as fun and gratifying (Jones, 1999). There are some key factors that contri neverthelesse to this, first we look at music beca implement it provides entertainment for shoppers Turley and Chebat (2002).Followed by lighting the appropriate use of it,such as product spotlighting and dim ambient lighting, and thirdly the use of bright and vibrant colours. Swinyard (1993) reiterated this by pointing out that Mood states are bequest in virtu everyy every shopping encounter, and could have a profound effect on shopping behaviour. And In Relation to this (Kemp and Kopp 2011) too put forward that senses shape our everyday existence, including our consumption and purchase behaviour. So this could mean that a consumer in a bad mood may tend to view shopping activities differently from one in a good mood.When a customer enters the workshop atmosphere they are not able to experience the music in seclusion or olfactory perception the scent without seeing the colours as well they do not walk on the floor-covering without feeling the ambient temperature. The typical customer experiences amounts of all these and other incentives as an on-going, collective experience. So it can be argued that about(prenominal) buying environmen ts are purposefully designed to produce specific delirious effects in shoppers.Berman & Evans J (2010) argued that The presentation merc gainise and the displays that bring shoppers into the parentage are very important in creating a retail image. So other factors which have to be considered when aspect at retail experience is the layout of the shop itself because if the shop is nicely laid out it will encourage customers to spend to a greater extent(prenominal) time in the shop than originally be after. So retailers have to consider the layout of the products and how they can appeal to customers and also clearly tagged displays if they have any in order to make the customers indentify what is on carry clearly. So it is forever and a day essential for a business to ensure that the shop is properly organised.A broth out-of-door provides a powerful regard on a businesss image this should be planned effectively a store exterior consists of the total physical exterior of the store itself, with a storefront most retailers can present a traditional, trendy, upscale environment, in relation to retail experience customers who happen to follow through a shop they usually judge a store by its exterior so this can be used to draw in customers with things like display windows showing products will be able to start a customers attentionstraight away most retailers make use of mannequins in order to grab peoples attention.Customers always want to feel valued and welcomed when they visit a shop so when they enter the shop they expect a good customer aid from the members of round this is crucially essential for an arrangement to manage. Because not plainly will shoppers appreciate the store due(p) to the products offered, or atmospherics but they will have more of a strong interest due to the kindness of the salesperson (Lombart and Jeandrain, 2003). If the members of staff are always available and laboursaving it will create a customer atonement and this can be considered as a key determining factor with benefits of repeat shopping and buying behaviour if managed effectively so with this it means that customers will always have a good experience, when they encounter polite and helpful members of staff and this will also create a positive image for the business. mountion is another tool in which retailers will aim to provide satisfaction to their customers so in order for them to do this they implement special offers as a strategy to achieve this, if an organisation regularly provides furtherance as part of its experience it will find that they will attract more customers. So for example retailers like Tesco or Asda regularly offer promotion and they go head to head on offers in order to gain draw in more people. Not only will go promotions attract repeat custom it will also allow the organisation to generate profit.All different kind of Retailers will try to use different ways in order to bring that retail experience that their consumers desire so retailers who connect with customers through experiences which are personally pertinent , memorable, interactive and also emotional are more likely to make up sales and brand loyalty and this is why experience stores such as orchard apple tree have emerged, reason being that they want customers to bond with the brand, at first hand , a try before you buy approaching . apple is one of the biggest leading technology companies in the world orchard apple tree provides customers with an attractive and relaxed environment where they canhandle. Apple has been developing its experience stores since 2001 and by the end of 2008 the company had opened some 250 increasingly sophisticated stores (Jones, & Comfort, 2010).Benghazi (2012) States that entertain browsing experiences might help a browser to learn more about the offers and characteristics. Customers will be able to use knowledge in order to make a decision on whether they should purchase the product or not so in regards to this Apple provide their consumers with a live interaction of their products for example the Apple store in capital of the United Kingdoms regent street lets customers get involved in getting started workshops this includes showing customers how to set up a new Mac, connecting to the internet and direct emails.This goes to show that Apple are trying to involve their customers with a firsthand experience of the brand and the products they offer, the experience goes beyond the store itself the company provides summertime camps for children and youth workshops. Children aged 8-12 years get what is known as a hands-on Mac experience, during a 3 hour workshop 8-13years olds can compose a song in a garage roundabout, construct a photo album and create key note presentations. This illustrates on how Apple are trying to expand retail experience to their customers by going beyond the in store experience this will in return generate a positive outcome for Apple. at heart regards to the designs of the stores, the interior represents three values, which are transparency, community and service. There is the open broad interior containing the computers, IPods and IPhones which are neatly placed on tables this portrays transparency. Community is back up by the store through its theatre and its lounging areas and then the commitment into run is branded into customers minds as they are able to visit the genius bar, separately store is looked at as a place where people can feel comfortable and are not intimidated by technology.Apple stores may be designed to sell but also at the same time they are designed to teach, customers who walk into an apple store just for a casual play of the products can find that the experience can quickly turn into some serious learning. When we look at a typical apple store it has threespaces the first one is usually for play and for purchasing, and the other one is for learning a customer would typically come across these areas in that order. The shop is laid out in a simple manner enabling the customers to move roughly freely to admire the products within the store.Like any other store, apple stores consist of members of staff who wear a blue t-shirt with the apple logo in the middle making them easily recognisable to the overt as the staff with a casual look. There always in that respect to help customers with their knowledge on how to use the products. The members of staff always ensure to ask customers if they need help if the customer looks lost, this type of retail reach allows customers and members of staff to interact as the members of staff are always asked questions in regards to the products, and the questions that the customers ask the staff guide the learning and they reveal what has been learned and what else is thither left to be learned. So in a sense Apple have able to take the relationship between the customers, staff members and the store to a different level of retailing and learning.T he Apple store has built relevance into every section of the shop, the members of staff are aware that they have to start with the customer and with whatever knowledge the customer knows and then progress on from there. Despite the technology the apple store experience is more focused on forming a relationship with the products rather than just focalisation on products. An Apples store experience generally provides a powerful image about the brand Apple is able to combine products together with service effectively in order to reward their customers with a unique experience in which customers are able to feel like learners who are able to develop valuable skills. The Apple store learning experience is greatly adapted and focused on the interests and the needs of the individual customer.ConclusionRetail experience is vital for all of the retailers to establish in order to looking at Apple they have successfully established an environment where customers would want to come back again and again so in expiry Apple has shown that they value their customers by ensuring that their customers experience the products at first hand and by also taking that experience outof the store by providing their customers with things like summer camps. It is vital that Apple continue to bring this experience to their customers because it will mean that they will generate repeat custom and also they will be able to attract new customers.BibliographyBooksBerman, B. and Evans, J. (2010) Retail focal point a strategic approach. 11th Ed. New Jersey Pearson education Inc, p.508, 509,510,512. cyberspaceSonera, T. (2006). Apple case study. Available www.buyukdemirci.com/Apple/Apple_case_.pdf. Last accessed 18th November 2012. JournalsBallantine, P. et al. (2010) atmospherical cues and their effect on the hedonic retail. multinational Journal of Retail & distribution Management, 38 (8), p.1, 2. Burns, D. and Neisner, L. (2006) Customer satisfaction in a retail compass The contribution of emotion. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34 (1), p.50, 51. Jones, P. et al. (2010) Retail experience stores experiencing the brand at first. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28 (3), p.243. KEMP, E. and KOPP, S. (2011) Emotion in consumption. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10 p.1. Kronrod, A. et al. (2012) Hedonic Consumption and compliance with bumptious messages. Journal of Consumer Research, Inc., 39 (1), p.52. Nsairi, Z. (2012) Managing browsing experience in retail stores through. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 40 (9), p.678. Swinyard, W. (199300) The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of enclose Experience on Shopping Intentions. Journal of consumer research, 20p.271. Washor, E. et al. (2009) At the Core of the Apple Store Images of Next Generation Learning. The Phi Delta Kappan, 91 (2), p.61, 62, 63

A summary of wal-mart chapter

Wal-Mart, the largest corporate organization in the world and the largest employer in the private sector in the United States, is a success drool in the corporate world.The history of Wal-Mart dates back to the year 1962. Initi tout ensembley, it was a star store which was the initiative of one Sam Walton who has since died. It has weathered the storm of disceptation and has now grown in size to a worldwide corporation. Walton had at the time of starting Wal-Mart opened 20 stores which were competing against 250 from Kmart.Walton was dynamic in direct the organization. He made sure that he maintained the principles of marketing and those of client satisfaction, a factor that made Wal-Mart become the single biggest retailer worldwide.International gross sales have been increasing at an impressive average of 13 per centum, which is a dream for any company or any corporation anywhere in the world, no matter how large it is. In the year 2000, Wal-Mart cognize an increase of 46 pe rcent in international sales which translates to 16.8 percent of all the corporate sales combined.This corporation but has its shortcomings in the room it relates with its employees and the obligations to its corporate responsibilities. On the part of human resource, Wal-Mart gives its employees lows benefits even though they amplify great value to the corporation, and health benefits have been lost. Wal-Mart does not consider the determine of the grassroots community but rather of more importance to it is take in together with economic growth.Wal-Marts contribution to the local communities is enormous given up that it employs umteen people. When it opens a new outlet, it employs people from the surrounding local community and in this way it improves the living conditions of the people from these communities.Given the current rate of unemployment and joke losses, Wal-Mart has taken the lead role in solving this problem and has helped many people who otherwise would not have been in any configuration of gainful employment to at least get something to do for the backup of their lives and those of their dependants.But there is the negative side to this employment issue. Wal-Mart has for all the age been an insensitive employer. Besides poor pay, the working hours are inconsistent and this is a great inconvenience to the workers. Long working hours and unpredictable working catalogue characterizes the experiences the employees of Wal-Mart have to go through.This retail outlet giant has made it a rule that its employees should not join any attention organization or union of any kind.Several attempts by the workers representatives to force Wal-Mart allow them to join labor organizations have all come cropper. Court cases have been ruled in favor of the employer to the detriment of the employee, and this seems not to bother the management of Wal-Mart.Wal-Mart has adopted capitalist as its politico-economic approach. This therefore means that in any ven ture, it is guided not necessarily by the interests of the general society or more specifically those of the local communities, but rather by what gains they stand to get from them in terns of profits from the investment.This is capitalism per excellence and this approach has made Wal-Mart to have an butt over its competitors, who seem to favor a combination of both tenable profits and good conditions for the workers.Wal-Mart is not a good neighbor. It thrives on capitalizing on the weaknesses of and inability of its competitors. Five years after Wal-Mart enters into a new market, all the existing retail businesses start recording losses and others close shop.This leaves Wal-Mart to monopolize the market and therefore the customers have no alternative but to eliminate what is on offer at the Wal-Mart outlets. This amounts to monoculture as it thrives on cultural homogenization.It manages to fate away attention from a local competitor by merchandising its commodities at very low prices, in fact at prices at a lower place the actual price making it impossible for any other business, however strong and committed it may be, to lose out and leaving Wal-Mart to leave out the market.This homogenization is actually due in part to confusion. While its figure on the one hand is to ensure that it has an upper hand in the market share, it also genuinely thinks that this is good corporate practice (Jacques et al pp 7-10).

Meteorological Modeling In Klang Valley Region Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

It has been wide known that alterations of the make for shape up from phytology estate to urban country can well impact the environing meteoric status. Meteorologic speculative sum up was use to measure meteoric status for communicate whole tone play and prediction. One of the inputs for the meteoric and impart quality abstractive trace is fine-tune utilization and primer screen of the terrain. In this canvass, we examined the sensitiveness of come to practice session and gain screen on the predicted meteoric conditions. A meteoric dissembling utilizing 5th coevals mesoscale notional account ( MM5 ) by Penn State/NCAR was utilize to compare the effects of field of view tradition from two different centenarian ages on meteoric status. The predicted meteoric conditions are so compared with the several(prenominal) supervise station onsite. Consequences showed am give up of go up wind pep pill and temperature simulated utilizing improve priming coat fas hion stand for. Findingss suggest grease use of goods and services act should be taking into consideration in historical meteoric Fieldss to entree approaching air quality if the country of trace expects big alterations in land habitude form.Keywords Meteorologic shed estate rule MM5 Urban.IntroductionIt has been wide known that alterations of the land surface from flora country to urban country can well impact the environing meteoric status. Urbanization of an country could bear off to alterations of meteoric parametric quantities such as boundary bed deepness, upright diffusivity, wind stableness category, etc. These meteoric parametric quantities played an of conditional relation function in most of the air quality metaphysical accounts that predicts the submersion at each grid. Harmonizing to Jacobson ( 2002 ) , one of the factors that affect air pollution is the local anesthetic air modern which ensuing from uneven land warming, variable topography and others . In another word, different land routine instance may deal out to uneven land warming, because land screen affects ground temperature, which affects pollutant compactness in the end ( Jacobson, 2002 ) . Meteorologic and air quality theoretical accounts require land usage and surface feature that differ by their land usage and land screen forms ( Civerolo et. at. , 2000 ) . Another survey carried out by Jazcilevich et Al. ( 2002 ) suggested that alterations of the land usage type could impact its environing meteoric status and scattering of air pollutant. a good deal of the circulating(prenominal) apprehension of the urban clime and meteoric status in Malaysia resulted from the research on Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya country begins from 1970s ( Sham, 1973a, 1973b, 1979a, 1979b and 1987 ) . These researches focuse on the verbal description of the climatology and meteoric facet such as air current and temperature parametric quantities associated with urban heat island. The m eteoric facets of the Kuala Lumpur and the environing metropoliss may alter due to the channelize of land usage and land screen by urbanisation and education of the metropolis. However, no survey had been done to entree the meteoric status of Klang v every last(predicate) toldey part with current land usage and land screen.The meteoric theoretical account used in this survey was the Fifth times Mesoscale simulate ( MM5 ) from PSU/NCAR ( Grell et al. , 1994 ) . In this theoretical account the land usage was simulated from the world-wide flora dataset from USGS which available at 1 grade, 30 min, 10 min, 5 min, and 30 unsweet proclamation. However, the informations were derived from satellite observations over a period 1992-3 and the flora kinsfolks were out of day of the month and non relevant to the country of survey. The aim of the survey is to find to the effects of the land usage and land screen alterations on the meteoric mold system. convey usage map of twelvemonth 20 00 predominate from the township and Country intend surgical incision ( JPBD ) ordain be used to better 1992-3 USGS land usage dataset.The Modeling SystemPSU/NCAR Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model ( MM5 ) was selected as the meteoric exemplar patterning system in this survey. The MM5 theoretical account is non-hydrostatic with terrain following co-ordinates, multi-scale, capable of interface with existent conditions prognosis theoretical accounts ( Global Circulation Model ) , contains expressed cloud strategies and dirt parameterization. MM5 is widely used by the meteoric community and its end product could be conjugate in concert with the Sparse Matrix Operation Kernel Emission ( so-and-so ) theoretical account and Community Multiscale Air Quality ( CMAQ ) theoretical account to imitate the scattering of the air pollutants that mete out in considerations of the meteoric Fieldss and ascent beginnings. MRF Planetary Boundary Layer ( PBL ) parameterization strategy was select ed in this survey. The 4-dimensional informations assimilation ( FDDA ) woof was non used was selected in this survey because the purpose of the survey is to analyze the effects of modified land usage on the theoretical account end product. For inputs of informations, land usage datasets from USGS will be used as the negligence land usage, and land usage map from Town and Country preparedness part as the improved land usage and NCEP FNL ( Final ) in operation(p) Global Analysis information was used in this survey. empyrean apparatusFour celestial orbits are used as shown in Figure 1 for this survey. The female parent battleground with the declaration 27km covers the most of the Peninsular Malaysia second sphere with the 9km declaration screens Selangor province 3rd sphere with 3km declaration screens finest sphere with 1km declaration will covers the survey country which is Klang Valley.Figure 1 MM5 earthly concern apparatus.Processing of Land Use and Land CoverIn the MM 5 mold system, each grid cell was assigned one land usage based on the dominant class in the grid cell. 24 classs of Vegetation type by USGS was used in salmagundi of land usage in MM5. Each land usage categories consists of six surface parameterization, which includes, reflective power, wet handiness, emissitivity at 9 Am, raggedness length, thermic inactiveness, and surface heat capacity per unit volume giving together with the MM5 theoretical account. Since Malaysia is a tropical state, summertime values are used. out of 24 land usage types in the MM5 theoretical account ( Guo and Chen, 1994 ) , 14 classs was used to to the full depict the full sphere ( Figure 2 ) , with 22 % classified as urine organic structures, 0.4 % as urban country and the largest non water-based class is Irrigated Cropland and Pasture ( 39 % ) in sphere 3 and as for sphere 4, 10 % classified as H2O organic structures, 1 % as urban country and the largest non water-based class alike class is Irrigated C ropland and Pasture ( 37 % ) ( give in 1 ) .Figure 2 USGS land usage dataset sphere 3 and domain 4.Since the Land usage dataset from USGS was generated from the twelvemonth 1992/3 orbiter image, the development of the Klang Valley country for the past 15 old ages decidedly changed the land usage and land screen of the survey country. To better the land usage type, updated land usage map from the Town and Country Planning Department was referred in this survey. The updated land usage map was preprocessed from polygon to gridded land usage map based on the categorization of the 24 USGS land usage classs ( Figure 3 ) .The per centum differences of the land usage between the default land usage and the update land usage are shown in ( Table 1 ) .Table 1 fortune of landuse class for USGS and JPBD land usage Domain 3 and Domain 4.Land usage codeLand usage classUSGSLand usage Domain 3 ( % )USGSLand usage Domain 4 ( % )JPBDLand usage Domain 3 ( % )JPBDLand usage Domain 4 ( % )1Urban and Bu ilt -Up Area0.41.025.140.62Dryland Cropland and Pasture12.117.00.00.03Irrigated Cropland and Pasture40.237.40.00.04Mixed Dryland/Irrigated Cropland and Pasture0.00.020.428.05Cropland/Grassland Mosaic0.00.30.00.06Cropland/Woodland Mosaic1.01.00.00.07Grassland0.71.70.00.08Shrubland3.77.60.00.010Savanna0.10.20.00.011Deciduous Broadleaf plant13.416.50.00.013Evergreen Broadleaf Forest2.81.10.00.014Evergreen Needleleaf Forest0.30.50.00.015Assorted Forest2.75.334.425.016Water Bodies22.410.317.86.5Figure 3 Gridded JPBD land usage in 3km and 1km declaration.An ASCII type of input file was generated based on the reclassified land usage map into specific format. This ASCII file contains column, row, land usage type, latitude, longitude, flora segment, and H2O fraction ( Figure 4 ) .Figure 4 Example of ASCII format input.The FORTRAN codification named replace_lulc.f is used to replace the land usage type, flora fraction and H2O fraction in the TERRAIN_DOMAINx file based on the co-ordinates of the reclassified grid cells and the several land usage type, and other parametric quantities provided in the ASCII file. The FORTRAN codification is compiled utilizing engage book run.replace which besides determines the input and end product files to treat, and parametric quantities to be updated ( Figure 5 ) .Figure 5 Example of run.replace book.MM5 Simulation ResultsMM5 simulation was performed from 1st July 2005 ( 1800 ) to 3rd July 2005 ( 1700 ) with entire simulation pasture 48 hours utilizing USGS flora dataset for 27km, 9km, 3km and 1km spheres as base instance. The 3km and 1km sphere will be compared with the end product of MM5 simulation using JPBD land usage dataset during for aforementioned(prenominal) period. All the physical options used were indistinguishable for both simulations. Observation from the straight Air Quality Monitoring ( CAQM ) station from Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. ( ASMA ) and Malayan Meteorological Department ( MMD ) was used to formali ze MM5 public presentation from the both USGS and improved land usage dataset. Three CAQM site was selected to formalize the MM5 public presentation, which are the supervise station in Klang and Shah Alam that maintained by ASMA and supervising station in Subang that operated by MMD.The simulations that utilized USGS land usage dataset showed overestimate of the air current velocity and produces sudden extremum at certain hr in the simulation. The improved land usage dataset utilizing JPBD land usage informations reduces the air current velocity and frequence of the sudden extremum, yet still over estimated the general air current velocity compared to the observation informations ( Figure 6 ) . However, the improved land usage dataset utilizing JPBD do increase the correlativity between the discovered air current velocity and simulated air currents velocity from all CAQM site ( Table 2 ) . The lowered air current velocity due to the improved land usage informations set could take to increase stableness and decreased perpendicular commixture. This could increase the air pollution concentration in certain country.The temperature profile simulated by both utilizing USGS and JPBD land usage dataset able to imitate the afternoon temperature near surface when comparing with the onsite observation temperature informations. However, both USGS and JPBD land usage dataset tends to overrate the temperature near surface during the dark ( Figure 7 ) . The correlativity between ascertained temperature and spirt temperature somewhat increases when use JPBD land usage dataset in the simulation for the all monitoring site ( Table 2 ) .The government issues suggest that improved land usage dataset utilizing JPBD land usage dataset could better the overall simulation consequence ( Table 2 ) . The alterations of the meteoric parametric quantities could impact scattering of air pollutant, energy demand that could impact anthropogenetic emanations. The alterations of the MM5 end product could besides impact the computation of the air pollution patterning package such as CMAQ.Figure 6 Time series comparing of windspeed at 1km sphere for Shah Alam.Figure 7 Time series comparing of 1.5m temperature at 1km sphere for Shah Alam.Figure 8 Correlation between observed and predicted informations at Shah Alam.Table 2 Summary of correlativity between observed and predicted informations for all the location. lineSphereMonitoring StationKlang, ASMAShah Alam, ASMASubang, MMDWind speed 10mDomain 3 USGS0.0340.0820.176Domain 3 JPBD0.3110.3180.214Domain 4 USGS0.0150.0830.169Domain 4 JPBD0.2770.2730.254Temperature 1.5mDomain 3 USGS0.6730.6720.410Domain 3 JPBD0.7740.7880.537Domain 4 USGS0.6660.6570.411Domain 4 JPBD0.7900.7590.544DiscussionThe land usage is merely one of many factors that take in consideration by the meteoric mold system. The consequences showed betterment of the bull air current velocity and temperature near surface. The public presentation of the MM5 on simulation could be improved by modifying the MM5 physical options and strategies depending on the declaration and location of the survey country. Since the land usage and land screen alterations affects the end surface meteorological, it should be included as one of the cardinal factors in the air pollution patterning particularly future air quality scenario. The alterations of the temperature that hand by land usage could increase downwind, and potentially affects the air quality simulation. The alterations of the air current velocity besides affect the dispersion of air pollutants and blending in the ambiance, alterations of the air pollutant concentration are expected.Changing in the land usage and land screen forms due to the urban conurbation, mending of agricultural forms, forestation and deforestation are expected to affects to landscape. The change of landscape will take to alterations in population, energy ingestion, anthropogenetic and biogenic emanations. The conseque nces suggested that land usage should be taken into consideration when utilizing air quality calculating theoretical account to predicts and measure the air quality.RecognitionThe writers thank the Ministry of Science and technology ( MOSTI ) Malaysia for back uping this research, under undertaking no. 04-01-04-SF0674. We besides thank Department of Environment ( DOE ) Malaysia, Malaysian Meteorological Department ( MMD ) and Town and Planning Department ( JPBD ) Malaysia for informations providing. The Positions expressed by the authours do non neccesarily reflect those of the bureau.